CH1-4 - The Invention of Writing

Visual symbols or images used to represent objects or concepts.

PICTOGRAPHS

The earliest written records were found in?

MESOPOTAMIA

Mesopotamia in what is known as?

MIDDLE EAST

Middle East specifically?

SYRIA & IRAQ

early visuals markings were found in caves in and around?

AFRICA, EUROPE, SOUTHERN FRANCE

Visual markings specifically in southern France?

LASCAUX CAVES

These visual markings were not interpreted as “art” but more as visual images for?

UTILITARIAN & RITUALISTIC

200,000 years ago

VISUAL MARKINGS

Who settled in Mesopotamia?

SUMERIANS

The earliest written records found on?

CLAY TABLETS

what is created with a reed stylus to create fine, curved lines?

PICTOGRAMS OR PICTOGRAPHS

A system of writing developed by the Sumerians, using wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets.

CUNEIFORM

By combining pictographs, people could create abstract ideas or emotions called?

IDEOGRAPH

cuneiform symbols began to represent the sounds of the objects. This ultimately became known as?

REBUS

what is often combine letters and images to either create words or entire phrases?

REBUSES

created two of the most ubiquitous rebuses in the logos for New York and IBM

MILTON GLASER AND PAUL RAND

The ancient Egyptian writing system for over three-and-a-half millennia. Consisting of pictorial symbols.

HIEROGLYPHICS

were written in horizontal rows or vertical columns and were read according to the direction the images were facing.

HIEROGLYPHICS

Made from reeds growing along the banks of the Nile River, used as a writing substrate.

PAPYRUS

papyrus is made from reeds growing along the banks of?

NILE RIVER

were the first to produce illustrated manuscripts.

EGYPTIANS

example of illuminated manuscript.

THE BOOK OF THE DEAD

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derived from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet, alpha and beta.

ALPHABET

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A set of visual symbols or characters, the alphabet was a major step in human’s ability to communicate.

ALPHABET

made up of twenty-two characters, was in use by 1500 B.C. Written right to left, the alphabet was both carved in stone as well as written on papyrus with a reed brush or pen.

PHOENICIAN ALPHABET

written with a wide pen, held at a 45 degree angle that produced heavy horizontal and thin vertical strokes.

ARAMAIC ALPHABET

Aramaic alphabet is the predecessor to two major alphabets used today?

HEBREW AND ARABIC

Greeks around 1000 B.C. Five of the consonants were changed to vowels.

PHOENICIAN ALPHABET

writing from right to left, but later they developed a writing method called?

BOUSTROPHEDON

boustrophedon meaning?

TO PLOW A FIELD WITH AN OX

A style of writing characterized by rounded letters, often used in ancient Greek manuscripts.

UNCIALS

papyrus or parchment used as a writing surface, commonly used before the codex.

SCROLLS

who conquered Greece and whole libraries of information was moved to Rome?

ROMANS

WHAT ALPHABET HAD 21 CHARACTERS?

LATIN ALPHABET

Square capitals?

CAPITALIS QUADRATA

These letter forms were condensed to take up less space and were quickly written.

CAPITALIS RUSTICA

The Korean alphabet, known as?

HANGUL

in Hangul the vertical line symbolizes a?

PERSON

in Hangul the horizontal line symbolizes a?

EARTH

in Hangul the round dot symbolizes as?

HEAVEN

considered the highest art form in China. The art of decorative handwriting, often executed with ink and a brush.

CALLIGRAPHY

In the Han dynasty were made by carving calligraphic characters on a flat surface similar to rubber stamp. These were used to make identification imprints, and are considered to be the first form of printing.

CHOPS

Writing material made from the skins of animals, such as calves, sheep, and goats.

PARCHMENT

A book made of bound pages, replacing the use of scrolls for writing and storing information.

CODEX

Hand-written and illustrated books, often featuring gold leaf and elaborate lettering and images.

ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT

During the Christian era in Europe, manuscripts were created in ___ or writing rooms.

MONASTIC SCRIPTORIUMS

Full pages of decorative design were called?

CARPET PAGES

Attempted to standardize page layout, writing style, and decoration.

CHARLEMAGNE

With Celtic influences, the forerunner of our contemporary lowercase alphabet.

CAROLINE MINUSCULES

brought about renewed religious fervor. The large liturgical books, bibles, Gospels and psalters reached its peak and for the first time, universal design characteristics were possible.

ROMANESQUE

lettering and illumination, influenced by the elaborate architectural spires in Germany.

GOTHIC

the name for this type of Gothic lettering due to the dense black texture of the pages.

TEXTURA