(166) Current Electricity ICSE Class 10 | Electricity and Magnetism Class 10 ICSE | ‪@sirtarunrupani‬

What is the difference between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)?

Direct current flows in one direction, while alternating current changes direction periodically.

What is voltage?

Voltage is the electrical force that drives an electric current between two points.

What is resistance in a circuit?

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).

What is Current Electricity?

The flow of electrical charges, primarily electrons, through a conductor, essential for understanding circuits and power transmission.

What is Static Electricity?

The build-up of electric charge in materials due to the movement of electric charges, often demonstrated by rubbing objects together.

What is Charge?

A physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electromagnetic field; measured in Coulombs (C).

What is a Positive Charge?

Occurs when an object has fewer electrons than protons.

What is a Negative Charge?

Occurs when an object has more electrons than protons.

What is Coulombs (C)?

The standard unit of charge in the International System of Units (SI).

What is Ohm's Law?

A fundamental principle stating V = I × R, illustrating the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R).

What is Current (I)?

The rate at which electric charge flows through a circuit, calculated as I = Q/T, measured in Amperes (A).

What is Electric Potential (V)?

The amount of work done per unit charge in bringing a charge from a reference point to a specific point in an electric field.

What is Resistance (R)?

The opposition to the flow of electric charge within a conductor, measured in Ohms (Ω).

What is Conductivity (σ)?

A measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current; higher conductivity means better current flow.

What is Resistivity (ρ)?

A material property that quantifies how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current.

What is the Series Combination of Resistors?

Resistors connected in a sequential manner where the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances (R_total = R1 + R2 + ...).

What is the Parallel Combination of Resistors?

Multiple paths for current flow are created; total resistance is given by 1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ... .

What is Electric Power (P)?

The rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy, calculated as P = V × I.

What is Energy Consumption?

Measured in Joules; total energy supplied can be calculated using Power = Energy/Time.

What is a Kilowatt-hour (kWh)?

The unit of energy used for billing in residential settings, representing energy use over time.

What is the Heating Effect of Current?

The transformation of electrical energy into heat when current flows through resistance, described by Joule’s Law: H = I²RT.

How is Charge created with a glass rod and silk?

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, electrons are transferred from the glass to the silk, causing the glass to acquire a positive charge and the silk to gain a negative charge.

What does the formula for charge (q = ±n × e) represent?

It calculates the total electric charge, where n is the number of elementary charges and e is approximately 1.6 × 10^-19 Coulombs.

What is the importance of selecting appropriate materials in electrical applications?

It ensures safety, efficiency, and reliability in electrical engineering and design.

What is the significance of the Ampere (A) as a unit for Current?

It quantifies the amount of charge flowing per second in a circuit.

How does Electric Potential relate to energy?

It indicates the energy available to move charges within an electrical field, calculated as Work done per unit charge.

Why are conductors crucial in electric circuits?

They allow the free flow of electric charges due to the presence of free electrons.

What is the effect of resistance on electric current?

Higher resistance leads to reduced current flow for a given voltage.

What is Electric Charge?

A property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electromagnetic field.

Types of Electric Charge

Positive Charge (fewer electrons than protons) and Negative Charge (more electrons than protons).

How is Electric Charge measured?

In Coulombs (C), the standard SI unit.

What is the formula for Electric Charge?

q = ±n × e, where e ≈ 1.6 × 10^-19 C.

What is Current?

The rate at which electric charge flows through a circuit.

Formula for Current Calculation

I = Q/T, where Q = total charge in Coulombs and T = time in seconds.

What is Electric Potential?

Work done per unit charge to move a charge in an electric field.

Formula for Electric Potential

V = Work done/Q.

What is Resistance?

The opposition to the flow of electric charge within a conductor.

Unit of Resistance

Measured in Ohms (Ω).

Ohm's Law

V = I × R, relating voltage, current, and resistance.

What is Conductivity?

A measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current.

What is Resistivity?

A property that quantifies how strongly a material opposes electric current.

Series Combination of Resistors

Resistors connected sequentially; total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

Parallel Combination of Resistors

Resistors connected with multiple paths for current; operates independently.

What is Electric Power?

The rate at which electrical energy is converted into other forms.

Formula for Power Calculation

P = V × I, the product of voltage and current.

Energy Consumption Measurement

Measured in Joules (J) or Kilowatt-hours (kWh) for billing.

Heating Effect of Current

Heat generated from current flowing through resistance, described by Joule’s Law: H = I²RT.

What are Fixed Resistors?

Resistors with a constant resistance value used in circuits.

What are Variable Resistors?

Resistors that allow adjustment of resistance value, like potentiometers.

What are Thermistors?

Temperature-sensitive resistors used for temperature control.

What is Static Electricity?

Electric charge build-up from friction or interactions.

Example of Static Electricity

Rubbing a plastic ruler on hair or wool to create charge.

What is Current Electricity?

Continuous flow of electric charges, mainly electrons, through conductors.

Role of Conductors

Materials, usually metals, that allow free flow of electric charges.

Role of Non-Conductors (Insulators)

Materials that restrict charge movement to prevent current flow.

What is the significance of Voltage?

The electric potential difference driving current through a circuit.

What happens in a series circuit if one resistor fails?

The circuit is interrupted, and current stops flowing.

What is Energy Efficiency?

How effectively a device converts electrical energy into useful work.

What is a potential divider?

A circuit configuration that divides voltage among components.

Importance of material selection in electrical applications

Ensures safety, efficiency, and reliability based on resistance and conductivity.

Electric power and energy consumption relation

Power is the rate of energy usage, affecting total energy consumption.