Official Forestry Terms in Philippines (36-54)

NOMINAL SIZE

As applied to lumber, the approximate rough-sawn commercial size it is known in the market.

NON-TIMER FOREST PRODUCTS

All biological materials and derivatives other than timber, which are extracted from forests for human use.

NON-TIMER FOREST PRODUCTS

Synonymous to Non-wood forest products.

NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCT

Synonymous to NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT

NUTRIENT CYCLE

The exchange or transformation of elements among the living (organic and biotic) and nonliving (inorganic and abiotic) components of an ecosystem.

OLD GROWTH FOREST

A primary natural forest, sometimes referred to as virgin forest, never been modified of which the composition, structure and function has not been altered.

OLD GROWTH FOREST

Areas that are identified initial components of the National Protected Areas System of 1992.

OLEORESIN

Essential oil that occurs in or exudes from many plants, especially softwoods.

OPEN BROALEAVED PLANTATION FOREST

Forest plantation where the crown cover is between 10% to 40% of the area.

OPEN FOREST

Formations with discontinuous tree layer with coverage of at least 10% and less than 40%. They are either managed or unmanaged forests, in initial state of succession.

OPENLAND

Synonymous to BARE AREAS.

ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB)

A structural board in which layers of narrow wafers are layered alternately at right angles in order to give the board greater elastomechanical properties.

OTHER LAND

Land with tree cover, less than 5%. It includes agricultural land, pastures, built up areas, bare areas, grassland, etc.

OTHER LAND WITH TREE COVER

The land primarily not under forest having more than 0.5 hectare with a canopy cover of more than 10% of trees at maturity. It includes urban parks and gardens.

OTHER WOODED LAND

Lands either with a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of 5-10% of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity; or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10% not able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity (e.g. dwarfed or stunted trees); or with shrubs or bush cover of more than 10%.

OVENDRY WOOD

Wood dried to a relatively constant weight in a ventilated cover at 102 to 105 degrees Celsius.

OVERTOPPED TREE

A tree whose crown is entirely below the general level of the crown cover receiving no direct light either from above or from the sides.

OVERTOPPED TREE

Synonymous to SUPPRESSED.

PALLET

A low wood platform on which material can be stacked to facilitate mechanical handling, moving, and storage

PAPER

A homogeneous sheet of felted cellulose fibers bound together by interweaving and through the use of bonding agents, and made in a variety of types.

PAPERBOARD

A thick, heavy-weight, rigid, single, or multi-ply type of paper traditionally made on multi-cylinder paper machine with and without dual head boxes or multi former arrangements.

PARQUET

Matched small pieces of wood usually laid in geometrical patterns; using woods of various colors sometimes for enhancing.

PARTICLE BOARD

A generic term for board material manufactured from wood particles or other lignocellulosic materials and a synthetic resin consolidated under heat and pressure.

PASTURE LAND

A grazing land planted to improved grasses, forage, and fodder for animal consumption.

PEOPLE'S ORGANIZATION

A group of people, which may be an association, cooperative, federation, or other legal entity, established by the community to undertake collective action to address community concerns and need, and mutually share the benefits from the endeavor.

PERENNIAL CROPLAND

Land cultivated with long term crops that do not have to replanted for several years after each harvest. Harvesting components are not timber but fruits, latex and other products that do not significantly harm the growth of the planted trees or shrubs.

PERMANENT FOREST ESTATE

Land, whether public or private, secured by law and kept under permanent forest cover. Includes land for the production of timber and other forest products, for the protection of soil and water, and for the conservation of biological diversity, as well as land intended to fulfill a combination of those functions.

PERMIT

A short-term privilege or authority granted by the State to a person to utilize any limited forest resources or undertake a limited activity within any forestland without any right of occupation and possession therein.

PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE

A synthetic adhesive used in the manufacture of exterior plywood (Type1)

PHLOEM

The tissues of the inner bark, characterized by the presence of sieve tubes and serving for the transport of food nutrients.

PHREATIC DIVIDE

An underground divide that fixes the boundary of an area that contributes ground water to each stream system.

PILE

A long, heavy timber, round or square, that is driven deep into the ground to provide a secure foundation for structures built on soft, wet or submerged sites.

PINE FOREST

Forest stand composed primarily of native pine species, e.g., Pinus kesiya and the Pinus merkusii.

PIONEER SPECIES

Plants capable of invading bare sites (e.g. newly exposed soil) and persisting there or colonizing them until supplanted by successional species.

PITCH

A term applied to the resins occurring in the wood of certain conifers.

PITH

The small, soft core occurring near the center of a tree trunk, branch, twig or log.

PLAINSAWN

Lumber that has been sawed parallel to the pith and approximately tangent to the growth rings.

PLANTATION FOREST

Forest stands established by planting or seeding in the process of afforestation or reforestation.

PLYBOARD

A board having a core of blocks, each not exceeding 2.54 centimeters in width, connected or glued face to face to form a slab which is glued between two or more outer plies with the direction of the grain of the core block running at right angle to that of the adjacent veneers.

PLYWOOD

A panel consisting of an assembly of veneer sheets bonded together with the direction of the grain in alternate plies generally at right angles.

POLE

A round timber often to support power or telephone lines.

PORES

Cross-section of vessel elements.

POROUS WOODS

Hardwoods having vessels or pores large enough to be seen readily without magnification.

PREMIUM SPECIES

A group of trees species utilized for special purposes that demand either high quality, durability, beauty or strength.

PRIVATE LAND

Any land belonging to any private person or group of person or juridical entity by virtue of statutory and/or customary laws.

PROCESSING PLANT

Any mechanical set-up, device, machine or combination of machines used for the conversion of logs and other forest raw materials into lumber, fiberboard, pulp, paper or other finished wood products.

PRODUCER

A living organism that is capable of manufacturing its own food by the process of photosynthesis.

PRODUCTION FOREST

Forest lands that can be made available for timber and agroforestry production, range lands for grazing, and other forest lands special uses.

PRODUCTION LAND USE

PROTECTED AREA

An identified portion of hand and water set aside by

PROTECTED AREA COMMUNITY BASED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT ( PACBRMA)

An agreement entered into by and between the DENR and the organized tenured migrant communities or interested indigenous people in protected areas and buffer zones which has a term of 25 years; renewable for another 25 years.

PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT BOARD (PAMB)

A decision-making body created by RA 7586, which exercises jurisdiction over a protected area within its are of responsibility.

PROTECTED AREA SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT (PASA)

An activity undertaken to evaluate the suitability of each area for inclusion in the NIPAS under one of the categories provided in the RA 7586

PROTECTED LANDSCAPE/ SEASCAPE

A protected area under the NIPAS which has national significance characterized by the harmonious interaction of man, water and land while providing opportunities for public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within the normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas.

PROTECTION FOREST

An area wholly or partly covered with woody vegetation managed primarily for its beneficial effects on water, climate, soil, aesthetic value and preservation of genetic diversity.

PROTECTION LAND USE

All initial components of NIPAS including identified virgin forest (natural primary forest) and mossy forest as well as any contiguous residual forest of good quality that are above 1000 meters above sea level and slope above 50%; all NIPAS areas such as strict nature reserve, natural park and wildlife sanctuary, protected landscape and seascape, resource reserve, natural biotic area, and other categories established by law, conventions or international agreements of which the Philippines is a signatory; and buffer strips i.e., 20 meters strip of land along the edge of the normal high waterline of rivers and streams and channels of at least 5 meters wide.

PROVISIONAL TIMBER PRODUCTION AGREEMENT

A temporary agreement entered into by and between the Secretary of DENR and an expired timber license holder for the continuity of its logging operation pending the issuance of a regular timber production.

PUBLIC FOREST

Land of the public domain which has not been the subject of the present system of classification for the determination of which lands are needed for forest purposes and which are not.

PUBLIC LAND

All land of the public domain except which are those not covered by the statutory and customary laws.

PULP

A fibrous material produced by mechanically or chemically reducing woody plants into their component parts form which paper is formed.

PURE STAND

A stand in which a certain percentage, or instance at least 80% of the trees in the main crown canopy consist of a single species.

QUARTERSAWN

Lumber that has been sawed parallel to the wood rays.

RAILWAY SLEEPER

A piece of timber laid transversely to the rails in a railway track, to support the rails and them in position at a predetermined width.

RANGELAND

Land on predominantly covered with grasses or shrubs suitable for grazing.

RATTAN

A group of climbing palm species composed mainly of Calamus and Daemonorops spp. generally found in moist tropical rainforests.

RATTAN CUTTING CONTRACT

A contract entered into by and with the government, represented by Secretary of the DENR and another party to cut, gather, and transport rattan.

REACTION WOOD

An abnormal wood formed typically in parts of leaning or crooked stems and in branches.

RECLAMATION

The process of filling up a depressed area with boulders and other building materials until land is no longer reached by water

RECREATION

Activities that promote refreshment of health or spirits by relaxation and enjoyment.

RECREATIONAL ZONE

A portion of the protected area which has high recreational, tourism, educational, or environmental awareness values where sustainable eco tourism, recreational, conservation education or public awareness activities may be allowed as prescribed in the management plan.

REFORESTATION

The establishment of forest plantations on temporarily unstocked lands that are considered as forest.

REFORESTATION CONTRACT

The implementation of reforestation activities through written agreements with the private sector such as families, communities and corporations and/or with the public sector such as LGUs and other government agencies.

REFORESTATION

Also called as artificial regeneration.

REGENERATION

The process of reestablishing a forest stand by natural or artificial means.

REGULAR SAWMILL

A sawmill with a daily rated capacity of at least 10,000 board feet.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air.

REMOTE SENSING

The science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object.

RENEWABLE RESOURCE

Resource whose supply becomes available for use at different time intervals and in which present use does not diminish future supply.

REPRODUCTIONS

All trees below 5 centimeters in DBH and at least 1.3 meters (30 centimeters for pine) in height.

RESIDUAL FOREST

The status or condition of a forest subsequent to commercial logging and which there is more or less sufficient or adequate volume of residuals or the desired species of trees of future harvest.

RESIDUAL INVENTORY

The physical examination of marked trees left after timber harvesting, for purposes of determining the condition and extent of damage.

RESOURCE RESERVE

An extensive and relatively isolated uninhabited area normally with difficult access designated as such to protect natural resources of the area for future use, and to prevent or contain development activities that could affect the resource pending the establishment of objectives which are based upon appropriate knowledge and planning.

RESTORATION ZONE

A portion of the protected area comprising of degraded habitat where the long term goal will be to restore natural habitat with its associated biodiversity and to rezone the area to a more strict protection level.

RIPARIAN ZONE

A strip of land maintained along a stream, lake, road, recreation site or different vegetative zone to mitigate the impacts of actions of adjacent lands, to enhance aesthetic values or as to demonstrate best management practice.

RIVER BASIN

Synonymous to WATERSHED.

ROOT ROT FUNGI

A root inhabiting fungi characterized by an expanding parasitic phase on the living host plant by declining saprophytic phase after its death.

ROTATION

The number of years between the initial establishment of plantation and the time when it is considered ready for harvesting.

ROUGH LUMBER

Lumber as it comes from the saw prior to any dressing operation.

ROUGING

A systematic removal of trees with undesirable phonological characteristics from a seed orchard or seed production areas.

ROUNDWOOD

Wood in its natural state as felled, or otherwise harvested, with or without bark, round, split, roughly squared or other forms.

RUNOFF

A portion of total rainfall from a given area that appears in natural or artificial surface streams.

SALAGO BARK

Bark obtained from the salago species (Wikstroemia and Phaleria spp.) primarily used in making paper money.

SAPLING

A tree from 5 to less that 15 centimeters in DBH.

SAPWOOD

Outer portion of the woody stem usually distinguishable from the core by its lighter color.

SANITATION CUTTING

A direct control measure which involves the removal of all infested trees containing the brood or attacking adults or disease inoculums form an infested area o reduce the source of infestation/ infection and prevent further build up and spread of pests at the fastest possible time to minimize economic and ecological impact/damage on the natural stand/plantation.

SAWKERF

he width of wood removed by the saw tooth while cutting.

SAWLOG

A log considered suitable in size and quality for producing lumber.

SAWMILL

A wood processing plant used for the conversion of logs/timber into lumber, or the re-sizing/ ripping of lumber, slabs and other wood wastes into desired dimensions and forms.