GRAM POSITIVE COCCI RAPID REVIEW

Flashcards created to help review key concepts, features, and treatment options related to Gram Positive Cocci as per the provided lecture notes.

What is the hemolysis type of Streptococcus pyogenes?

β-hemolytic

What capsule feature of Streptococcus pyogenes aids in its virulence?

Hyaluronic acid capsule

What is the major toxin responsible for scarlet fever rash?

Erythrogenic toxin

Which Streptococcus species is known for causing rheumatic fever?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What type of infections are associated with Streptococcus agalactiae in neonates?

Sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis

What unique test is positive for diagnosing Streptococcus agalactiae?

CAMP test (arrowhead enhancement)

How does Streptococcus bovis differ from Enterococcus spp. in terms of NaCl tolerance?

Streptococcus bovis is not tolerant to 6.5% NaCl.

What infections are commonly associated with Enterococcus spp.?

UTI, endocarditis, biliary tract infections, wound infections

What is the primary treatment of Streptococcus pyogenes infections?

Penicillin (DOC)

What type of hemolysis do viridans streptococci typically display?

α-hemolytic

Which virulence factor is key for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Capsule

What does a positive Quellung test indicate?

Capsule swelling of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What is the treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae if a patient is allergic to penicillin?

Erythromycin / Lincomycin

What is the significance of the M protein in Streptococcus pyogenes?

It is an antiphagocytic virulence factor that triggers autoimmune response.

Which species of Streptococcus is encapsulated and known for its virulence factors?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is the laboratory diagnosis method for Streptococcus pyogenes related to ASO titer?

ASO titer ↑ in Rheumatic Fever (RF)

What type of infections does Streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

Lobar pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, bacteremia.

What do viridans streptococci primarily cause?

Opportunistic infections and dental caries.

What type of beta-hemolytic bacterium is associated with endometritis in adults?

Streptococcus agalactiae

What is the typical laboratory growth characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Optochin sensitive, bile soluble.

What feature is indicative of Streptococcus bovis in a laboratory setting?

Bile esculin positive.

What virulence mechanism does the capsule provide for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

It acts as an antiphagocytic factor.

What diseases can result from Streptococcus pyogenes?

Pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic heart disease, scarlet fever.

Which Glomerular disease is associated with Streptococcus pyogenes?

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN)

What is a common laboratory feature of Enterococcus spp.?

Growth in 6.5% NaCl broth.

What differentiates viridans streptococci from Streptococcus pneumoniae in culture?

Viridans are optochin resistant.

What organisms are included in the viridans group of streptococci?

S. mitis, S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. salivarius.

What is the preferred antibiotic for treating infections caused by Enterococcus spp.?

Ampicillin or Vancomycin.

What virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae helps to degrade antibodies?

IgA protease.

Which type of hemolysis is not characteristic of Streptococcus bovis?

β-hemolytic.

What infections are caused by non-enterococcal group D streptococcus?

Endocarditis and bacteremia associated with GIT lesions.

What is a characteristic laboratory test for viridans streptococci?

Catalase negative.

How would you classify Streptococcus pneumoniae according to the Lancefield classification?

Non-groupable.

What is the major oxygen requirement for Streptococcus pyogenes?

Facultative anaerobe.

What is the antibiotic of choice for Streptococcus agalactiae?

Penicillin (DOC).

What type of hemolysis is found with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

α-hemolytic.

What does the presence of polysaccharide capsule in Streptococcus pneumoniae contribute to?

Increased virulence.

What is the primary non-suppurative disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

Rheumatic fever.

What histological feature characterizes Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Lancet-shaped diplococci.

What are the key features of virulence in Enterococcus spp.?

Antibiotic resistance (VRE) and ability to grow in bile.

What type of infections do viridans streptococci often cause?

Dental caries and subacute bacterial endocarditis.

What relationship does Group B Streptococcus have with pregnant women?

It can be transmitted vertically during delivery.

What is a key laboratory identification feature of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Gram positive lancet-shaped diplococci.

What opportunistic features are associated with viridans streptococci in immunocompromised patients?

Higher risk of infections.

What immune response is triggered by M proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes?

Autoimmune response leading to rheumatic fever.

What type of infections in adults does Streptococcus agalactiae cause?

Endometritis and wound infections.

Identify the gram staining result for Streptococcus pyogenes.

Gram positive cocci.

Name a systemic disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes other than pharyngitis.

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

What is a laboratory diagnosis feature of Streptococcus bovis?

Not tolerated in 6.5% NaCl.