HIS-Mods

Anne Hutchinson

spiritual leader in colonial Massachusetts, participated in the Antinomian Controversy

Bacon’s Rebellion

armed uprising in 1676-1677 led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia’s colonial Governor William Berkeley. Driven by high taxes, falling tobacco prices, poor farmers, and enslaved people

Benjamin Franklin

polymath who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who sailed the Atlantic in 1492 who tried to find a western route to Asia. Instead, he found the Americas

Church of England

founded in 1534 by Henry VIII when he split from the Pope

Columbian Exchange

trade routes used by the East India Trading Company between Europe, Africa, and North America.

Counter-Reformation

started by Ignatius of Loyola to reform the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation

encomiendas

16th-century Spanish colonial labor system rooted in medieval practices

indentured servants

laborers under contract to work without wages for a specific period in exchange for passage to America, food, clothing, and shelter

joint-stock company

business owned by many people, used to fund big trips and trade overseas

Plymouth

first pilgrim settlement, founded in 1620

predestination

the belief that God has determined in advance which souls will achieve salvation

Protestant Reformation

caused by corruption in the Catholic Church. Martin Luther sought to reform the Church, but it ended up being split into thousands of sections

Puritans

English Protestants who wanted to rid the Church of England of Roman Catholic traditions. Were the pilgrims

Renaissance

period of rebirth of culture in Europe. New ideas, new inventions, new mindsets