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AP Gov. Supreme Court Case
AP Gov. Supreme Court Case
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20 Terms
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1
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Judicial Review
The power of federal courts to determine the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
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Elastic Clause
Gives Congress the authority to make all laws necessary and proper for executing its powers.
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Clear and Present Danger Test
A standard to determine whether speech is protected under the 1st Amendment based on its potential to incite harm.
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Equal Protection Clause
A provision of the 14th Amendment that requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons.
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Establishment Clause
Part of the 1st Amendment that prohibits the government from establishing a religion.
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Right to Counsel
The legal right of an accused person to have the assistance of a lawyer.
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One Man, One Vote
The principle that each vote should carry equal weight in elections.
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Liberty (14th Amendment)
Refers to the fundamental rights and freedoms protected by due process.
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Selective Incorporation
The process by which the Bill of Rights is applied to the states through the 14th Amendment.
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Prior Restraint
Government action that prohibits speech or other expression before it can take place.
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Compelling Government Interest
A fundamental interest that the government may assert to justify restrictions on constitutional rights.
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Implied Powers
Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but necessary to carry out enumerated powers.
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Symbolic Speech
Nonverbal communication that conveys a political message.
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Self-Defense (2nd Amendment)
The right to use reasonable force to protect oneself from harm.
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Free Exercise Clause
The part of the 1st Amendment that protects the rights of individuals to practice their religion as they see fit.
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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)
Legislation that regulates campaign financing, which was partially upheld in Citizens United v. FEC.
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Federalism
The division of powers between national and state governments.
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Constitutional Amendments
Official changes or additions to the U.S. Constitution.
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Roe v. Wade
A landmark decision that established a woman's legal right to have an abortion.
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McCulloch v. Maryland
A Supreme Court case confirming federal supremacy over state laws.