Simulation Flashcards - Fill in the Blank

Flashcards about Simulation

__ is a model that attempts to imitate a process or system.

Simulation

Types of simulation include physical or mathematical, static or dynamic, deterministic or __, and discrete or continuous.

stochastic

Advantages of __ include its ability to study complex systems, observe the effects of changes, recommend improvements, provide insights on variable interactions, and verify analytic solutions.

simulation

Simulation is appropriate when studying a __ system, when changes can be simulated, when it can provide knowledge for improvements, when it can provide insights on variables, when used as a teaching method, to experiment with new policies or designs, and to verify analytic solutions.

complex

The components of a __ are: system, entity, attribute, activity, event, and state variable.

system

The steps in a simulation study include: Problem Formulation, Setting Objectives, Model Conceptualization, __, Model Translation, Verification, Validation, Experimental Design, Production Runs and Analysis, More Runs (If Needed), Documentation and Reporting, and Implementation.

Data Collection

__ is credited with developing the Monte Carlo method.

Stanislaw Ulam

__: Estimating the value of Pi by randomly generating points within a square and counting how many fall within an inscribed circle

Monte Carlo

__: Simulating the flow of patients through an emergency room, where events like patient arrival and treatment completion drive the simulation.

Discrete Event

ERG stands for __

Event Relationship Graph

In Time to Failure model, “S” is the __ in the system.

number of working parts

The __ tracks time through the ERG model.

simulation clock

__ are a manual simulation technique

Event calendars

Event calendars __, time, and system state.

track events

Queueing terms include __, service time, waiting time, queue length, etc.

inter-arrival time

Kendall's __ is used to classify queueing systems (e.g., M/M/1, M/G/1).

notation

Measures of __ include average delay in queue, average time in system, average number of customers in queue/system, and server utilization.

performance

__ relates entity-based averages to temporal averages.

Little's formula

Steady-state calculations determine long-run __ of queueing systems.

average behavior

Types of __ include trace-driven, empirical, parametric, and non-parametric.

distributions

Common parametric __ include Poisson, Binomial, Negative Binomial, Discrete Uniform, Exponential.

distributions

__ numbers should appear statistically independent and uniformly distributed.

Random

The __ is used to generate random variables from a desired distribution.

inverse transform method

__ involves selecting a distribution and estimating its parameters to match observed data.

Distribution fitting

The __ sampling is a method for generating random variables X from U.

acceptance/rejection

__: Selecting appropriate probability distributions for system inputs (e.g., arrival times, service times).

Input modeling

__: Mechanism to generate random values based on the input distributions.

Random variate generation

__: Ensuring the model's results are close enough to observed real-world data.

Validation

__: Interpreting simulation results to inform decision-making.

Output analysis

__: Errors due to incorrect or imprecise input distributions.

Input Uncertainty

__: Oversimplification or inaccuracies in the model logic.

Modeling Error

__: Arises due to finite sample size; addressed using confidence intervals.

Estimation Error

Weak Law of __ Numbers (WLLN): Sample mean converges in probability to the true mean.

Large

Strong Law of __ Numbers (SLLN): Sample mean converges almost surely to the true mean.

Large

__ Limit Theorem (CLT): Standardized sample mean approaches a normal distribution as n increases.

Central

Multiple replications of the simulation using independent random number seeds are called __ Replications.

Independent

__ intervals are used to estimate the error in the sample mean.

Confidence

__ intervals are used to estimate the range where a new replication's outcome will fall.

Prediction

__ Sampling uses separate random number streams for each system being simulated, which leads to larger variance in comparison metrics.

Independent

__ Sampling, also known as Common Random Numbers (CRN), uses the same random numbers across systems to reduce variance.

Correlated

Tool used to determine whether differences in outputs between models are statistically significant is __ t-test for equal means

Two-sample