X-Ray Study Guide 1

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Why do we take x-rays?

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162 Terms

1

Why do we take x-rays?

help save lives and money

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2

What is the order of solutions in processing film?

1.developer

2.fixer

3.water

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3

What causes forshortening?

-processing

-placement error

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4

Snap of ray are ___ ended, used for bi-section.

double

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5

Why are x-rays important?

-diagnose caries

-evaluate health of tooth and bone

-evaluation of growth and development

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6

What type of people do we use occlusal film for?

children and edentulous pts.

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7

What might we find out on an x-ray?

Find abscesses, tumor, extra teeth, caries

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8

What does ionization causes?

causes harmful effects in humans

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9

Important property of x-rays:

shorter wavelengths are preferred

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10

What is the basic aim of the use of radiation?

Obtain the desired diagnostic info with minimal exposure to the pt. and dental team

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11
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12

How can we protect ourselves and our patients?

staying away 6ft., eliminating contrast by adjusting equipment

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13

What can we NEVER do while taking x-rays?

holding the cone or not standing behind the lead/gypsum wall

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14

What is the primary measurement of operator x-ray exposure called?

REMs (Roentgen Equivalent Man)

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15

How do we measure radiation absorbed?

RAD (Radiation Absorbed Dose)

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16

How can we filter the x-ray beam?

use of an aluminum filter

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17

What do we do if a patient refuses x-rays?

That the patient might not get the care they need if they deny help from the dentist. X-Ray refusal form! (most important)

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18

What is a latent period in radiation biology?

(stimulus to effects)

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19

What is a latent period anywhere else?

period between infection with a virus or other microorganisms and the onset symptoms

(time in between)

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20

What is the best film speed?

F (fast)

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21

Why is "F” the best film speed?

it is the fastest and it absorbs radiation the quickest

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22

What are examples of processing errors?

-temp. of solution

-light exposure

-stored poorly in container

-time exposed to chemicals

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23

What is the lead washer and what is its function?

It helps limit the size of the radiation beam

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24

What causes scatter radiation?

Radiation that bounces off objects and the pt. (target)

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25

What does ALARA stand for?

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

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26

What is the point of ALARA?

to obtain the desired diagnostic information with minimum exposure to the patient and dental personnel

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27

What did we learn about processing x-rays?

minimize the amount of retakes, be able to see contact points, see different color indications, and always maintain diagnostic quality

(70 degrees in five minutes)

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28

What is the greatest danger to the operator in terms of radiation encountered in the dental office?

scatter radiation!

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29

Name a few examples of cells that are more vulnerable to radiation.

Blood cells, immature reproductive cells, young bone cells, lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, testes, and intestines

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30

What are the different types of effects of radiation on cells?

Short term and long term effects, somatic and genetic

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31

What cells are more reactive?

thyroid cells, blood cells, reproductive cells, bone marrow

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32

What cells are less reactive?

muscles, salivary glands, kidney cells, mature blood cells

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33

What are the responsibilities of x-ray unit owners?

-registration of dental radiographic equipment

-radiation protection

-every 2 years you need to re-register

-make sure it's in safe working order (no leaks)

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34

What is title 17 in the CA radiation handbook about?

-registering their x-ray machines

-up to date on the registration at least 30 days after having it in their possession

-renew it every two years

-when getting rid of it, register that you no longer have it

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35

What factors affect the amount of radiation present during the x-ray Process?

The film speed, modifying setting, speed, time, distance traveled, density

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36

How much radiation should a dental assistant be occupationally exposed to?

0%

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37

How will you monitor radiation a dental assistant could be occupationally exposed to?

dosimeter badge

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38

Why are different materials different shades on an x-ray?

Bone density (atomic number)

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39

What is the best protection from radiation for an operator?

standing behind a lead/gypsum wall

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40

In your own words, how are x-rays made?

filament heats, boils electrons, negative and positive electrons, collision, energy created, shoots out PID

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41

What is the collimator?

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42

What is the collimator also called?

lead washer

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43

What is the function of a collimator?

restricts the size of a primary beam to a maximum of 2.75 inches

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44

What would you say to a patient who asked why you leave the room when x-rays are taken?

you are here to take your x-rays and I am here taking them every day so my exposure is a lot more than yours

(your exposure is a lot less than mine)

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45

What would you say to a patient who declines x-rays?

X-rays are very important to find out things we may not see. If pt. still refuses, have them fill out X-ray Refusal Form.

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46

X-ray tube:

allows x-rays to pass through

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47

Metal housing:

keeps radiation inside

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48

Insulating oil:

absorbs any heat or energy

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49

Glass window:

Allows radiation through

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50

Lead collimator:

Restricts size of beam of 2.75 inches

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51

PID/Cone:

Directs the beam to the target

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52

Aluminum disc:

Filters radiation

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53

Tube head seal:

Seals everything off

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54

Filament circuit:

Heats up electrons

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55

Cathode:

Produces electrons (negative)

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56

Anode:

creates positive charge

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57

What is the latent period in radiograph?

period in between exposure and effect

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58

What are the key differences between somatic and genetic effects of radiation? Somatic:

any cell but reproductive cells (occurs in person who was exposed)

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59

What are the key differences between somatic and genetic effects of radiation? Genetic:

damage to genetic cells or chromosomes, may appear in future generations, and can't be repaired

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60

Where would we find specifics about the safe use of dental radiation?

CA Radiation handbook

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61

Can the assistant diagnose radiographs?

No, only dentists may (DA can only interpret/take)

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62

What are examples of extraoral films?

-CBCT 3D

-Panoramic

-Ceph. 2D

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63

What are examples of intraoral films?

-PA

-BW 2D

-occlusal

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64

What is the difference between intraoral and extraoral films?

one is taken inside the mouth and the other is outside of the mouth

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65

How would we identify the sinus on a radiograph?

show as radiolucent AKA dark

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66

Where is the sinus found on a radiograph?

maxillary/posterior arch above the roots of the teeth

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67

What does the sinus look like?

dark spaces

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68

What does periapical/PA mean?

around the root (a few mm under the root)

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69

What is expected to be seen in a PA?

shows the entire tooth and surrounding structures

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70

What is film size 0 used for?

pedo.

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71

What is film size 1 used for?

ant. PA

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72

What is film size 2 used for?

post. PA, BW AKA adult film

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73

What is film size 3 used for?

long BW

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74

What is film size 4 used for?

occlusal

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75

What is the measurement “rad” for?

measuring how much radiation the DA has taken in

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76

Why are different structures/objects different shades on a radiograph?

The densities determine whether or not they are radiopaque or radiolucent

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77

What will we find on a Panoramic radiograph?

the entire jaw, unerupted teeth, 3rd molars, impacted teeth, nerve, and TMJ

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78

Can any exposure to radiation potentially cause damage?

Yes, there is potential short-term damage and long-term damage along with somatic and genetic effects

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79

What controls the quantity of an x-ray beam?

MA

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80

What controls the quality of an x-ray beam?

KVP

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81

What controls the intensity of an x-ray beam?

exposure, time, distance, KVP, MA (all of the above)

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82

What is required for duplicating film?

-dup. film

-dup. machine

-dark room

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83

Why would we duplicate film?

1) referring a pt. to a specialist

2) sending copies to ins. company

3) when a pt. requests records transfer

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84

What is an intensifying screen for?

For extraoral films like Pano. and Ceph.

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85

Why is the intensifying screen beneficial?

-limiting radiation

-intensifies effects of radiation

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86

What receptacle holder is used for parallel technique?

XCP

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87

What receptacle holder is used for bisection technique?

snap of ray

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88

What is used for extraoral radiography (receptacle)?

cassette

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89

What does the color yellow represent for a receptacle holder?

post. PA

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90

What does the color blue represent for a receptacle holder?

ant. PA

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91

What does the color red represent for a receptacle holder?

BW

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92

What is meant by radiolucent?

dark on x-ray

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93

What is meant by radiopaque?

light on x-ray

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94

What is an example of a radiolucent?

abscess

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95

What is an example of a radiopaque?

amalgam filling (mostly all restorations)

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96

What is ideal contrast and how is it controlled?

High KVP = low contrast

&

long color scale

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97

How could we tell if the x-ray holder is for digital or traditional film?

gap of space on a snap ray

and

there’s a digital sensor

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98

What do we know about the “dot” on the x-ray? Where should that always face?

faces yourself

PA = occlusal area

BW = facing towards us, bottom right

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99

How thick must the aluminum filter be on an x-ray unit that operates over 70 KVP?

2.5 mm

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100

Can any exposure to radiation potentially cause damage?

YES

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