Plate Tectonics

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22 Terms

1
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lithosphere

crust and uppermost mantle = tectonic plate (continental crust OR oceanic)

2
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asthenosphere

lower mantle and below

  • hot & weak, it is able to move

3
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in relation of density

continental crust(granitic) _ oceanic (basalt)

continental < oceanic

  • is less dense

  • both crust still float ontop of the mantle

4
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Describe the process of Tectonic Plate motion

“slab pull”

  • denser plate subducts (pulled under) into athenosphere

  • heats up in convection stage and circulates back to mid ocean ridge

  • hot spot melts the litospheric crust, the crust spreads (ridge push)

  • tectonic plaltes begin to move side to side and the new oceanic crust takes its place

5
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Linear Sea

a result of divergence two land masses separated by water and can still fit perfectly together

<p>a result of divergence two land masses separated by water and can still fit perfectly together </p>
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7
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Ocean

result of divergence: bigger body of water, can fit together but not perfectly

<p>result of divergence: bigger body of water, can fit together but not perfectly </p>
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Rift Valley

result of divergence: seperation of crust where water begins to seep in

<p>result of divergence: seperation of crust where water begins to seep in </p>
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Mid Ocean Ridge (generic term)

  • spreading centers

  • most extensive chain of mountains on Earth (mostly underwater)

  • magma will fill cracks in sea floor and solidify & magma erupts onto seafloor as lava unless spreading is very rapid

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East Pacific Rise

divergent plate boundary

MOR: not centered

  • very FAST SPREADING(10s cm/year), gentle slopes

<p>divergent plate boundary</p><p>MOR: not centered</p><ul><li><p>very FAST SPREADING(10s cm/year), gentle slopes </p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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Mid Atlantic Ridge

divergent plate boundary

MOR: slow spreading, STEEP SLOPES

  • in iceland, the divergent plate boundary is about sea level

<p>divergent plate boundary</p><p>MOR: slow spreading, STEEP SLOPES</p><ul><li><p>in iceland, the divergent plate boundary is about sea level</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Ocean - Continental Convergent Plate Boundary

  • ocean plate subducted

  • continental arc (volcano) is created

  • explosive andeistic (new minerals) in the volcanic eruption

<ul><li><p>ocean plate subducted</p></li><li><p>continental arc (volcano) is created</p></li><li><p>explosive andeistic (new minerals) in the volcanic eruption </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Ocean - Ocean Convergent Plate Boundary

  • denser plate subducts

  • deep trenches are generated

  • volcanic island arcs are built

<ul><li><p>denser plate subducts</p></li><li><p>deep trenches are generated</p></li><li><p>volcanic island arcs are built </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Continental - Continental Convergent Plate Boundary

  • subduction ceases

  • collision generates tall mountain chains

<ul><li><p>subduction ceases</p></li><li><p>collision generates tall mountain chains </p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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Describe Transform Plate Boundary

segments of plates slide past each other

  • permit the MOR to move apart at different rates

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Results of Transform Plate Boundary

  • shallow & strong earth quakes (not deep within the mantle)

  • fault margin

<ul><li><p>shallow &amp; strong earth quakes (not deep within the mantle) </p></li><li><p>fault margin </p></li></ul><p></p>
17
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What is a real world example of a convergent plate boundary?

O - C: peru - chile trench, andes mountains

O - O: mariana trench

C - C : himalaya mountains

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what is a real world example of a divergent plate boundary?

O-O: mid atlantic ridge (MOR)

O-C: the red sea

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what is a real world example of a transform plate boundary?

oceanic: mendocino fault

continental: san andreas fault

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draw a converging plate boundary

oceanic to continental

<p>oceanic to continental</p>
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draw a diverging plate boundary

oceanic - oceanic

<p>oceanic - oceanic </p>
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Oceanic crust is very dense and relatively thin.  Continental crust is less dense and relatively thick.  What happens when an oceanic plate and a continental plate converge?

a. Transform faulting rips open the mid-ocean ridge.

b.The continental plate is subducted.

c.The denser oceanic plate is subducted.

d.Subduction stops and mountain ranges are uplifted.

C