Chapt 2 review

coefficient

A numerical or constant quantity placed before a variable in an algebraic expression.

scientific notation

A method of writing numbers as a product of a coefficient and a power of 10.

exponent

A number that indicates how many times to multiply the base by itself.

precision

The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.

accuracy

The extent to which a measurement is close to the true value.

significant digits

The digits in a number that carry meaningful information about its precision.

density

The mass of a substance divided by its volume.

mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, typically in grams or kilograms.

volume

The amount of space an object occupies, measured in cubic units.

liter (L)

A metric unit of volume, equivalent to 1,000 cubic centimeters (cm³).

cubic meter (m³)

The volume of a cube with edges that are one meter in length.

metric prefix

A unit prefix that indicates a multiple or fraction of a base unit.

absolute zero

The theoretical point at which molecular motion stops, defined as 0 Kelvin.

Fahrenheit (°F)

A temperature scale where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.

Celsius (°C)

A temperature scale where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.

Kelvin

The SI unit of temperature, starting from absolute zero, where 0 K equals -273.15 °C.

photosynthesis

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with carbon dioxide and water.

cellular respiration

The metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

osmosis

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically diverse daughter cells, used in sexual reproduction.

organism

A living individual that can act independently and is capable of growth, reproduction, and responding to stimuli.

ecosystem

A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment, functioning as a unit.

biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

nucleotide

The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

chromosome

A thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.