psychosocial developments & theorists and cognitive development

erik eriksons

• ego is a positive force that creates a self-identity which is the center of an individuals personality

• 8 stages of psychosocial development

stage 1: trust vs mistrust

• birth - 18 months

• realizes that survival and comfort needs will be met

• hope is integrated into personality

stage 2: autonomy vs doubt and shame

• 2-4 years

• realizes they can control bodily functions

• self-controlled will is integrated into personality

stage 3: initiative vs guilt

• preschool age

• gains social skills and a gender role identity

• sense of purpose is integrated into personality

stage 4: industry vs inferiority

• elementary school age

• gains sense of security through peers and gains mastery over activities of their age group

• feeling of competency is integrated

stage 5: self identity vs role confusion

• adolescence

• begins to make choices about adult roles

• sense of fidelity or membership with society is integrated into the personality

stage 6: intimacy and solidarity vs isolation

• young adulthood

• establishes an intimate relationship with a partner and family

• capacity to love is achieved

stage 7: generatively vs self absorption

• middle adulthood

• finds security in the contribution of their chosen personal/professional roles

• capacity to care is achieved

stage 8: integrity vs despair

• maturity, older adulthood

• reflects on their own value and shares with the younger generation the knowledge gained

• wisdom Is acquires

maslow

• hierarchy of basic human needs

  • physiological

  • safety

  • love & belonging

  • self esteem

  • self actualization

ryan and deci

• self determination can enhance or weaken intrinsic motivation, self regulation, well being

• competence, autonomy, relatedness

piaget

• adaptation, mental schemes, operations, adapted intelligence or cognitive competence, equilibrium, assimilation.,accommodation

• developed hierarchical development of cognition

sensorimotor period

• birth - 2 years

• infants learn primarily through their senses and motor actions.

• develop object permanence - understanding that objects exist even when they are not visible.

• begin to understand cause and effect.

preoperational period

• 2-7 years

• develop symbolic thinking, such as using language and engaging in pretend play

• begin to understand the concept of conservation

• egocentrism is common in this stage

  • difficulty understanding perspectives other than their own.

concrete operational

• 7-11 years

• develop logical thinking about concrete events and objects

• understand conservation, reversibility, and cause and effect

• thinking is still tied to concrete experiences and objects.

formal operations

• 11- teen years

• develop the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically

• understand abstract concepts like justice and morality

• engage in scientific reasoning and problem-solving