CAPE Information Technology - Unit 2 Module 1 - Information Management

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to information management in database systems.

Field

The smallest unit in a database, containing one item and must have a data type (e.g., short text, number).

Record

Made up of information in fields contained in one row in a table.

Table

Made up of a set of records, can be viewed in design view or datasheet view.

Database

A collection of forms, queries, reports, and tables used to record and store information.

Database Management System

System software that handles the creation, storage, retrieval, and updating of data.

Selectron Tube

Storage device developed in 1976 with a capacity of 32-512 bytes; very expensive.

Punch Cards

Used since the 18th century; employed in computing in the 1970s for data storage.

Magnetic Drum

Used in the UNIVAC computer in the 1950s; had a storage capacity of 10 kB.

Hard Disk Drive

First introduced in the 1950s with a 5 MB capacity; later models surpassed 1 GB.

Magnetic Tape

Used for data storage beginning in 1951 with data transfer rates of 7200 characters/second.

Compact Disk (CD)

An optical media storage device introduced in the late 1970s with 700 MB capacity.

Digital Versatile Disk (DVD)

Optical media with capacities ranging from 4.7 GB to 9.4 GB.

Blu Ray

Optical media with storage capacities from 25 GB (single-sided) to 50 GB (double-sided).

Solid State Memory

Storage technology that includes flash drives, memory cards, and solid state drives.

Data Mining

The process of extracting usable data from a larger set of raw data.

Data Warehouse

A large centralized repository of data that contains information from many sources.

Sequential Access

Files are accessed in the order in which they are stored.

Random Access

Ability to access files arbitrarily, without going through the entire file.

Hierarchical Database

Organizes data into a three-tier structure with parent and sibling nodes.

Relational Database

Organizes data by tables, records, and fields; allows linking for easy access.

Object-Oriented Database

Involves a system of interacting objects to solve problems, supporting new data types.

Data Integrity

Assurance of accuracy and consistency of data over its life cycle.

Validation Checks

Used to ensure that data matches specified parameters upon entry.

Intranet

A private network accessible only to authorized users, often used in organizations.

Cloud Storage

Remote storage accessible over the Internet, allowing data access from anywhere.

Search Engine

A tool that helps users find data online, such as Google or Bing.

Compression Utility Programs

Programs that compress files to reduce their size, examples include WinZip and 7-Zip.