Praxis 5001 - Reading and Language Arts latest updated version with expert curated questions and answers (PASS GUARANTEED )

Lexical Knowledge

knowledge of word meanings

Orthographic Knowledge

knowledge of spellings and pronunications

Phonemic Awareness

Acknowledgement of sounds and words (knowing words rhyme)

Phonemes

the smallest unit of language capable of conveying distinction in meaning

Phonics

Method of teaching reading and spelling based on a phonetic interpretation of ordinary spelling

Phonological awareness

the ability of the reader to recognize the sounds of spoken language

Automaticity

automatic reading involves the development of strong orthographic representations, which allow fast and accurate id of whole words made up of specific letter patterns

Prosody

concerns versification of text and involves such matters as which syllable of a word is accented

4 basic word types of orthography

Regular for reading and spelling, Regular for reading but not for spelling, Rule based, Irregular

3 Cueing systems of Reading fluency & comprehension

Orthographic awareness, syntactic cueing, semantic cueing

Orthographic awareness

the ability to perceive and recall letter strings and word forms (sight words)

Syntactic cueing

knowing if a word is a noun, verb, adverb, etc.

Semantic cueing

knowing the meaning of a word and what the reading passage is about

Early orthographic development

Role-play, emergent, developing, beginning, expanding

Role Play Writer

scribbles, awareness of environmental print, uses pictures, no phonetic association, traces words

Emergent Writer

attempts to write name, writes initial consonants, can write on line, mixes upper and lower case letters, copies words

Developing Writer

invented spelling, one-to-one reading/writing words, correctly uses upper and lowercase letters

Beginning Writer

correct spelling, uses decoding for spelling, focuses on one writing element at a time (spelling, punctuation), chooses personally significant writing topics, organizes paragraphs using complete sentences

Expanding Writer

Edits for mechanics, varies writing components based on writing tasks, variety of word choices, writes in variety of formats; poetry, stories, reports

4 elements of reading comprehension instruction

large amounts of time for actual reading, teacher-directed instruction, opportunities for peer learning, conferences with teacher or students about responses to reading

Bloom's Taxonomy

1. Knowledge 2. Comprehension 3. Application 4. Analysis 5. Synthesis 6. Evaluation

Word Analysis

the process readers use to figure out unfamiliar words based on writing patterns (phonics/decoding)

Word recognition

automatically determining the pronunciation and meaning of an unknown word

Decoding

changing communication signals into messages

Encoding

changing a message into symbols

Affects on adolescent Literature

Post WWII, teen pregnancy, drugs, civil rights, feminism, Vietnam War

Poetry Structure (3)

1. pattern of sound and rhythm 2. visible shape it takes 3. rhyme and free verse

Slant Rhyme

occurs when rhyme is not exact (that and hit, green and gone)

Alliteration

initial sounds of words are repeated (people who pen poetry) beginning of word

Assonance

middle of word - vowel sounds the same (June and tune)

Onomatopoeia

words used to evoke meaning by their sound (pow, zap)

Rhythm

accent or stress of a word Scansion is where the stresses occur

Simile

direct comparison of two things, often using like or as (my love is like a red, red rose)

Metaphor

indirect comparison of two things (chairs have legs)

characteristics denoting one thing in place of another

Parallelism

arrangement of ideas into phrases that balance each other

Personification

human characteristics to inanimate objects

Euphemism

substitution of word for less offensive one (not died, but passed)

Hyperbole

deliberate exaggeration for effect

Climax

number of sentences or phrases arranged in ascending order of rhetorical forcefulness

Bathos

ludicrous attempt to evoke sympathy or pity

Oxymoron

contradiction employed for effect (jumbo shrimp)

Irony

expression of something other than, and opposite of, the literal meaning (words of praise when blame is due)

Malapropism

verbal blunder in which one word is replaced by another that is similar in sound but different in meaning (geometry of countries instead of geography of countries)

Declamation

radio or tv delivery/ public speeches

Syntax

the rules or patterned relationships that correctly create phrases and sentences from words (they am going to the movies)

Simple Sentence

one subject and one predicate (the dancer bowed)

Compound Sentence

two independent clauses (Sam ate the cookie and he drank his milk)

Complex Sentence

one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (Brian loves taking diving lessons, which he has done for years).

High Frequency Words

words most often used in the English language

Sight Words

words reader learns to read spontaneously

5 Stages of Spelling

1. Prephonemic 2. Early phonemic 3. Letter-name 4. Transitional 5. Derivational

Pre-Phonemic Spelling

do not know relationship between spelling and pronunciation

Early Phonemic Spelling

Beginning to understand spelling, usually write first letter correctly

Letter-Name Spelling

spell some words consistently correctly, attempt to match name of letter to the sound

Transitional Spelling

late elementary school, master short vowel sounds and know some spelling rules, developing a sense of correct and incorrect spelling

Derivational Spelling

high school and adulthood; spelling rules are being mastered

Expository Writing

writing to inform

Style

the artful adaptation of language to meet various purposes

Tone

the attitude an author takes towards his subject

Point of View

perspective

5 Stages of Writing

1. Pre-Writing 2. Drafting 3. Revision and Editing 4. Proofreading 5. Publishing

Pre-writing

idea book, journal, free writing

Drafting

write intro last; compose first draft

Thesis

point of the paper

Recapitulation

brief restatement of the main points or certainly of the thesis; best type of conclusion

Revision and Editing

go hand in hand; peer review

Proofreading

Good context for grammar; look for punctuation and grammatical errors

Publishing

read aloud, displayed, printed

Graphic Organizers

visual aid displaying reading and writing ideas

KWL Chart

Know, want to know, learned after reading

Comprehension

understanding what is said, purpose why it is being said, context in which it is said