Chapter 6: Bloodborne Pathogens

Which of the following forms of hepatitis is transmitted through contaminated food or water?

Hepatitis A

The greatest occupational risks for exposure to hepatitis B virus are: (1) blood and saliva contamination of cuts and cracks on the skin or ungloved hands or hands with torn gloves; (2) spraying of blood and saliva onto open lesions on the skin or onto mucous membranes; and (3):

through injuries with contaminated sharps

What bloodborne disease has the greatest potential for occupational transmission risk to dental professionals?

Hepatitis B

The best way for you to avoid contracting a bloodborne disease in the office is to

handle sharps carefully

How does HIV cause AIDS?

It destroys the body defenses against diseases

Which of the following hepatitis diseases seldom, if ever, establishes a chronic infection?

Hepatitis A

Which of the following hepatitis diseases does not have a chronic carrier state?

Hepatitis A

HIV makes people sick by

by destroying their immune system.

HIV-disease is not spread

by inhalation

A vaccine is available for which of the following types of hepatitis?

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis A

A hepatitis B carrier is

HBsAg-positive

What is the main ingredient in the hepatitis B vaccine?

HBsAg

A person who is positive for HBsAg and _______________ is highly infectious for hepatitis B (can more easily spread the disease).

HBeAg

Which antibody is formed after a person responds to the hepatitis B vaccine?

Anti-HBs

Which of the following forms of hepatitis is not bloodborne?

A

Which of the hepatitis viruses cause disease only in persons who are simultaneously or previously infected with the hepatitis B virus?

Type D

The vaccine for hepatitis B also protects against

Hepatitis D

Which of the following AIDS exposure categories has had the highest number of AIDS cases in the US?

Men who have sex with men

A percutaneous route of exposure to an infectious agent means that exposure occurred

through the skin

Most of the healthcare workers who have occupationally acquired HIV infection from infected patients had what type of exposure?

through the skin

As of 2015, how many documented cases of occupationally related HIV transmissions have been reported in dental personnel?

0

What present of those infected with hepatitis C virus develop chronic liver disease?

60% to 70%

When were the hepatitis C infection rates the highest?

1970s to 1980s

What is the most likely route of hepatitis B transmission from an infected patient to an unvaccinated dental assistant wearing, exam gloves, protective eyewear and a long-sleeved gown but no face mask?

needlestick

How long can the hepatitis C virus in blood dried in an inanimate surface remain infectious?

up to 6 weeks

What is the least important way a dental assistant can prevent the chairside spread of HIV from a dental patient?

Have the patient use a preprocedure mouthrinse

A person infected with HIV can have the virus present in saliva.

True