Honors Anatomy - Unit 1 Quiz

Includes vocab, info about the major organ systems, and more terminology

What is Anatomy?

Study of the structure of an organism.

What is Physiology?

The study of how a organism’s body functions.

Are there different ways to study anatomy?

Yes

Developmental Anatomy

Changes from a child to adult

Embryology

Study of anatomy during the first 8 weeks of conception

Surface Anatomy

Study using touch on the body’s surface

Regional Anatomy

Focus on one specific body area

Gross Anatomy

Study of large structures visible to the naked eye

Microscopic Anatomy

Study of cells and tissues using a microscope

Systematic Anatomy

Study of one body system at a time (how we will study it)

What are the Levels of Structural Organization?

1. Cell — the smallest unit of life

2. Tissue — a group of similar cells with a common function

3. Organ — Made of 2+ types of tissues

4. Organ System — Group of organs working together

5. Organism — The highest level of structural organization

11 Major Organ Systems and Their Functions:

• Skeletal - support, protection, shape

• Nervous - detects impulses, control center

• Circulatory - Transport nutrients + gases

• Respiratory - exchanges gases (O_{2 &} CO₂)

• Digestive - Breaks down & absorbs food

• Muscular - Movement of the body

• Integumentary - Protection, temp. regulation, prevents water loss

• Lymphatic/Immune - Fights infection, fluid balance

• Excretory/Urinary - Removes waste from blood

• Endocrine - Secretes hormones

• Reproductive - Produces reproductive cells

What are the Necessary Life Functions:

1. Maintaining boundaries

2. Movement

3. Responsiveness

4. Digestion

5. Metabolism:

6. - Anabolism

7. - Catabolism

8. Excretion

9. Reproduction

10. Growth

Survival Needs:

• Nutrients — From food

• Oxygen — Required for metabolism

• Water — Solvent & transport medium

• Normal body temperature

• Atmospheric pressure — Gas pressure

What is the correct Anatomical Terminology?

1. Body upright

2. Feet Slightly apart

3. Arms at sides

4. Palms forward

5. Thumbs out

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head

Inferior (caudal)

Toward the feet

Anterior (ventral)

Front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

Back of the body

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Closer to origin or point of attachment

Distal

Farther from origin

Superficial

Toward body surface

Deep

Away from body surface

Sagittal

Divides body into left and right

Frontal (Coronal)

Divides body into front and back

Transverse

Divides body into top and bottom

What are the two body cavities?

Dorsal Body Cavity, Ventral Body Cavity

What does the dorsal body cavity contain?

Contains: Brain and spinal cord

Protected by: Meninges(protective membrane)

What the ventral body cavity contain?

Divided into the:
- Thoracic

- Abdominal

- Pelvic

What is this body cavity protected by?

• Protected by: Serosa membranes

  • Visceral serosa (inner layer)

  • Parietal serosa (outer layer)

  • Serous fluid in between

  • Example: Visceral pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium