Chapter 8 - DNA Replication, Binary Fission, Mitosis

Cancer

________ may arise from overactive proto- oncogenes /un or from underactive tumor suppressor genes.

Immunotherapy

________ and gene therapy are the newest approaches that promise to be the most selective.

Mitotic cell divisions

________ allow an organism to grow and develop, repair tissues, and regenerate lost body parts.

Apoptosis

________ is a set of coordinated events that dismantle a cell from the inside out.

Surgery

________ may remove rumors, but cells with DNA mutations may already be spreading through the body.

Mutations

________ alter the function of key cell- cycle control genes.

replication

After ________, each DNA molecule has one parental strand and one daughter strand.

Tumors

________ are either benign (contained) or malignant (spreadable)

binary fission

In prokaryotes, reproduction occurs by ________ an asexual process that replicates DNA and distributes it to two daughter cells.

fetus

The ________ grows and develops into a mature adult consisting of countless cells.

BRCA1

________ increases the risk of breast cancer.

fertilization

As ________, the zygote inherits DNA from both gametes.

G2 phase

During ________, the cell produce proteins that are necessary for mitosis.

Mitosis

________ is divided into five phases, summarized here.

Drugs

________ (chemotherapy) and radiation can selectively kill cancer calls, which are physiologically different from normal cells.

Meiosis

________ occurs only during reproduction.

Cancerous cells

________ divide out control and form a mass called a tumor.

Prokaryotes

________ have a single circular chromosome.

DNA replication

________ begins simultaneously at multiple spots along the chromosomes.

sex cells

Each mature individual produces ________ by another form of division called meiosis.

RNA primers

The ________ provide 3- prime ends, where DNA polymerase adds the nucleotides.

Cell division

________ produces a continuous supply of replacement cells in multicellular organisms.

Gene mutations

________ such as BRCA1 are inherited, making them more common in particular ethnic groups.

DNA polymerase

________ is the enzyme that makes new DNA strands, starting at the RNA primers.

strand binding proteins

Single- ________ hold the strands apart.

cell membrane

A receptor on the ________ receives a signal to die.

Sex cells

________ produced by meiosis contain half the DNA as body cells.

Single

strand binding proteins hold the strands apart

The RNA primers provide 3

prime ends, where DNA polymerase adds the nucleotides

In S phase, the cell replicates its entire genome

every chromosome

Mutations alter the function of key cell

cycle control genes

Cancer may arise from overactive proto

oncogenes /un or from underactive tumor suppressor genes