AAOS 12th Edition ECTSI - Chapter 37

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A group of complex disorders of brain development, characterized by difficulties in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and verbal and nonverbal communication.

cerebral palsy

A group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement.

colostomy

Surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the colon and the surface of the body

conductive hearing loss

Hearing loss caused by a faulty transmission of sound waves.

developmental disability

Insufficient development of the brain, resulting in some level of dysfunction or impairment.

Down syndrome

A genetic chromosomal defect that can occur during fetal development and that results in intellectual impairment as well as certain physical characteristics, such as a round head with a flat occiput and slanted, wide-set eyes.

ileostomy

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) between the small intestine and the surface of the body.

intellectual disability

a subset of developmental disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and skills needed for daily living.

obesity

A complex condition in which a person has an excessive amount of body fat.

sensorineural hearing loss

a permanent lack of hearing caused by a lesion or damage of the inner ear

shunts

Tubes that drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain to another part of the body outside of the brain, such as the abdomen; lowers pressure in the brain.

spina bifida

A development defect in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and possibly even outside of the body, usually at the lower third of the spine in the lumbar area.

stoma

An opening through the skin and into an organ or other structure

tracheostomy

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) into the trachea; a stoma in the neck connects the trachea directly to the skin.

tracheostomy tube

a plastic tube placed within the tracheostomy site (stoma).

urostomy

A surgical procedure to create an opening (stoma) which connects the urinary system to the surface of the skin and allows urine to drain through the abdominal wall.