a&p test 1

nasal

nose

brachial

arm

antecubital

elbow

abdominal

abdomen

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

tarsal

instep/ankle

pectoral

chest

vertebral

spine

lumbar

lower back

femoral

thigh

median plane

midline plane divide the body into equal halves

sagittal plane

divides into unequal halves

transverse plane

across the body

cranial/superior

higher

caudal/inferior

lower

anterior/ ventral

front

posterior/ dorsal

back

medial

being closer to the middle

lateral

closer to the sides

proximal

closer to a point

distal

further from a point

list 9 levels of organization in order

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

major characteristics of life

movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion

metabolism

chemical reactions that break/ build substances

major requirements of organisms

heat, water, foods, pressure, oxygen

homeostasis

maintain a stable internal environment

1. body temperature

2. blood pressure

cardiovascular system

transports nutrients, wastes, and gases throughout the body

digestive system

converts food molecules into forms that are absorbed

endocrine system

secretes hormones

integumentary system

outer covering

lymphatic system

transports excess fluid from tissues to blood

muscular

maintains posture and generate most body heat

nervous system

stimulates muscles to contract and interprets informtion from sensory units

reproductive system

produces a new organism

respiratory system

exchanges gases between air and blood

skeletal system

provides framework for soft tissues and produces blood cells in red marrow

urinary

removes liquid wastes from blood and transports them outside