Grade 10 Physics - Full Textbook Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering the entire Grade 10 Physics textbook, designed for exam preparation and review.

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

The amount of heat absorbed or lost to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin or 1 degree Celsius.

What are the three main modes of heat transfer?

Thermal conduction, convection, and radiation.

Why do coastal areas have moderate temperatures compared to land areas?

Land heats up and cools down faster than water due to its lower specific heat capacity.

What is Latent Heat?

The amount of heat absorbed or lost to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without changing its temperature.

What is Thermal Conduction?

Collisions of atoms or molecules and motion of free electrons in solids from its hot part to cold part.

What is Convection?

Bulk movement of molecules in fluids, transferring heat from one place to another.

How does seawater temperature affect convection currents?

Water that is cooler and denser sinks, while warmer and less dense water rises, driving convection in oceans.

What is Radiation?

The transfer of thermal energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation including infra-red radiation.

Name three major greenhouse gasses.

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.

What is Global Warming?

The gradual increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans.

How does melting ice due to global warming cause flooding?

Melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, increasing flooding risk.

What materials are required/used for the method of mixtures experiment?

An unknown solid cylinder with water and a calorimeter

What materials are required/used for the electrical heating experiment?

A solid block or cylinder e.g. aluminium with a hole in it for a heater and a smaller note for a thermometer

Describe thermal radiation

The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

What is the difference in structure between a soild, liquid and gas?

It has strong attractive forces between its particles, giving it a definite shape and volume.

give some examples of situations where thermal conduction is apparent?

A cooking pot's top edges get extremely hot after cooking for a while

Describe how thermals are formed

Uneven heating of the land causing some of the land to become less dense and rises from he ground

What process where gravity pools matter together to create celestial bodies?

Accretion

Define thermal expansion

The process of the matter changes with increasing temperature

Write down some consequences of the thermal conditions being ignored?

Changes in temperature cause materials like concrete and asphalt to expand and contract. without proper joints or gaps, this can lead to cracks and structural damage.

What causes evaporation?

High energy molecules moving near the surface of the liquid escape from the surface in the form of vapours

Where and when occcurs evaporation

At bottom of pot, at any temperature , surrounding energy

Define latent heat of fusion

When heat is converted to change solid ice to liquid water

What is Latent heat of Vaporization

the heat energy required to convert a given mass of a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state without
any change in its temperature

How is the pressure of gas particle calculated?

There is relationship between force exerted by particle due to collision and an of the walls of container

When matter is at a critical temperature what is its resistivity?

It is zero/negligible

How do large water waves generate?

Waves transferring energy without transferring matter

Give examples of transverse waves

Electromagnetic wave, Seismic S-waves

waves, what do they do / How do they move?

Waves will travel outwards from the point of origin and transfer energy by means of vibrations

Describe / classify the wave

It consists of wavefront, wavelength, frequency, time period, crest (peak), trough, compression, rarefaction, amplitude and wave speed

Proove that waves transfer energy without transferring matter

waves transfer energy to any medium from its source of origin due to vibration/oscillations of fluid ( medium: rope / water)

Describe electromagnetic wave motion

They transfer energy through vacuum

How high does change of kinetic energy impact matter?

The increase in kinetic energy, the large the momentum and high force will be exerted on the container, this will exert a high pressure on fluid

Define Diffraction

Bending of waves around corners of an obstacle

Define Tsunamis

They are a series of large ocean waves created by underwater disturbances

Describe compression and rarefaction

High pressure + low speed, low pressure + high speed

Define speed of sound

The distance travel by a wave

what the term NOISE to listener ?

It means unpleasant sound waves experienced by listener

How sound waves formed and where are they on fluid (air/ water )

They are called as pressure wave, sound wave are the combination of compressions & rarefactions

Define The effect of different surfaces

All objects absorb and emit radiation and the amount depends of different faces - colour, shape, texture, surface area

How the water at the bottom of the beaker is heated with convection

At bottom of beaker the cold water (denser water) flows downward from the sides and replaces the hot water

What are ultrasonic waves?

These waves are mostly used in medical field for examination of internal organs of patients .

Explain infrasonic waves

They are used to map-rock, underground petroleum formation, earthquakes

Explain Convection

the transfer of heat energy due to the transfer of fluid itself. Convection only takes place in liquids and gases. It cannot take place in solids.

Explain Thermal Radiation

These are not visible but we can sense them because they carry heat.Heat coming from the Sun, heaters or hot plates etc have infrared radiations in large amount.

Explain How birds are use

By spreading their wings and tilting them slightly upwards, they ride on this rising air (thermals)

Describe what is the core

They are the hottest part. Its temperature is about 6000 °C

Explain How MAGMA flow BENEATH THE EARTH

From core to mantle through conduction heat, to mantle magma rises getting heat/ transferred, hot magma flows from bottom of mantle towards crust

Explain the Movement of Tectonic plate

• Convectional currents of magma drag the plates
• Sinking of dense and cold magma applies a pull on the plate

Measure the carbon carbon footprint vs ecological foot print

A carbon footprint measures GHG emissions from activities like fossil fuel burning and
industrial processes. Carbon emission can be reduced by unplugging devices, using energy-efficient techniques etc

What does latent level depend on!

The amount of the heat energy required to convert a given mass of a substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state without change in its temperature is called its latent heat of
vaporization.

What does a Longitudinal wave means?

In this type of waves in which the disturbance occur parallel to the line of travel of the wave

Define the frequency of a waves

the number of wave cycles passing through
some point per unit time is called frequency of the waves

What does a wave crest means?

A point on a surface wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum

What is Evaporation / At which temperature

At the surface of a liquid, at any temperature - Use surrounding energy

Explain some of past Heat waves and Floods in Pakistan

During summer-May-June 2022, there was a devastating heatwave gripped with temperatures exceeding 51°C . Severe monsoon rains and major areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Flood provinces of Sindh

How can thermal expansion in solid be demonstrated?'

A metallic rod with a nut and bolt that is tightly fastened. Then the metal rod can be heated

Describe Precautions while using Infrared Thermometer

1. Each infrared thermometer has a distance-to-spot (D:S) ratio.
   2. Avoid taking measurement of the small objects, moving objects, wet objects,reflective
      surfaces and rough surfaces. 3. comparing its accuracy, off and on, with the mercury thermometer.