Patho bacterial genetics chapter

bacterial replication starts at

oriC

replication puts high torsional strain on chromosome. this is relieved by

topoisomerase

transversion mutation

purine is replaced w pyrimidine and vice versa

missense mutation

change in one amino acid

conservative mutation

missense mutation with an amino acid of similar properties

nonsense mutation

change to stop codon

conditional mutation

genetic change that makes mutant phenotype in specific conditions

null mutations

extensive insertion, deletion, rearrangement of chromosome. loss of function

uv light can cause

thymine dimers

enzyme that reverses dimerization of uv light

photolyase

direct dna repair removes

dimers and alkylated bases

recombinational repair uses a ____ to replace damaged section

plasmid

the sos response is activated after

damage or many genes or interruption of dna replication

sos response is generated when what bidns to what

recA binds to ssDNA

sos regulon is induced by inactivation of the repressor

lexA

last resort repair of bacteria before it dies

error prone repair

transcription is initiated at

promoters

____ play an important role in promoter recognitoin

sigma factors

sigma factors can regulate

genes on or off, transcription, levels of gene expressoin

sigma factors bind to promoters, which are a site for

rna polymerase

single gene arrangement of mrna

monocistronic

promoter flanking multiple genes

polycstronic or operon

how do operons provide insurance

things are made all at once, they make the whole thing together

termination site are characterized by a series of ____ on mrna

uracil

transcripts can terminate if rna polymerase interacts with what protein? this is called

rho. rho dependent termination

intrinsic termination is when dna makes a ____ structure. it has a lot of____ base pairs

stem-loop. GC

bacterial translation starts with

initiation complex

trna initiator carries

fMEt-trna

ribosomes bind to specific sequences in mrna called

shine dalgarno

stop codons

uga, uaa, uag

transcription under negative control means

expressed until turned off by repressor

transcription under positive control means

off until apoinducer is present

transcripton regulation is done with ____ proteins. they bind to _____

regulatory. operators

plasmids can replicate autonomously. called

replicons

for plasmids, the size and replication rate are ___ of each other

inverse

plasmids that integrate into the host genome are

episomes

pathogenicity islands express genes ____. they are surrounded by ______ elements that move the whole island

altogether and coordinated. transposon

bacteria that can do transformation are

competent

conjugation pilus is a type ___ device

IV

dna transferred with conjugation is ____ stranded

single

pilus is encoded by an ____ plasmid

F

specialized transduction

specific genes are transferred based on proximity to integration sequence

generalized transduction

random transfer

after genetic material is transferred, what happens

recombination