Body as a Whole/Integumentary System

adip/o, lip/o, steat/o

fat

cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o

skin

hidr/o, sudor/o

sweat

ichthy/o

dry, scaly

kerat/o

horny tissue, hard, cornea

melan/o

black

myc/o

fungus

onych/o, ungu/o

nail

pil/o, trich/o

hair

scler/o

hardening, sclera

seb/o

sebum, sebaceous

squam/o

scale

xen/o

foreign, strange

xer/o

dry

an-

without, not

dia-

through, across

epi-

above, upon

homo-

same

hyper-

excessive, above normal

sub-

under, below

-cyte

cell

-derma

skin

-logist

specialist in the study of

-logy

study of

-therapy

treatment

basal layer

the deepest layer of skin—the only layer composed of living cells—is where cells of skin cancer grow

dermatologist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders

dermis

the second layer of skin—living tissue—houses capillaries, lymphatic vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands

albino

someone who cannot produce melanin

intravenous (IV)

pertaining to within the vein

hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands

accessory organs of the skin

hyperhidrosis

excessive or profuse sweating—also called diaphoresis or sudoresis

hypodermis

binds the dermis to underlying structure—it stores fat, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates body temperature

tinea

fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected; also called ringworm

culture and sensitivity (c and s)

identification of microorganisms in a clinical specimen to determine the type of medication to destroy the microorganism with

frozen section (FS)

a type of biopsy where an ultrathin slice of tissue is taken from a frozen specimen collected during a surgical procedure for immediate pathological examination to determine malignancy

cryotherapy

use of subfreezing temperatures (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors or warts and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue

anhidrosis

an abnormal condition of not sweating

pyoderma

skin infection with the formation of pus

abscess

a localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

cellulitis

widespread acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

onychomalacia

softening of the nails

incision and drainage (I and D)

cutting into an abscess to allow pus to drain

intradermal (ID)

pertaining to within the dermis

vitiligo

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches on the skin

erythema

redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

pruritis

intense itching

fluctuance

a tense area of skin with wave-like or boggy feeling upon palpation

subungual

pertaining to beneath the nail of a finger or toe

antifungals

treats fungal infections

nystatin

antifungal

antiseptics

treats infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions

isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide

antiseptics

antihistamine/antipruritic

treats allergic reactions (histamine release) of inflammation, redness, and pruritis (itching)

benadryl, claritin

antihistamines/antipruritics

antiparasitics/parasiticides

kills insects and parasites

nix, kwell, lindane, permethrin

antiparasitics/parasiticides

corticosteroid

decreases inflammation and itching (pruritus) to the inflammatory response to tissue damage

Cortaid, Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone, Azmacort, Kenalog

corticosteroids

keratolytic

Helps slough off/shed the outer layer of skin (scales/crust/dry conditions)

Retin-A, Tretinoin

keratolytics

protective

It covers, cools, & soothes inflamed skin

vaseline, cetaphil

protectives

topical anesthetic

Blocks pain sensation by numbing skin and mucous membrane layers

Novocain, Lidocaine, Procaine, Xylocaine

topical anesthetics

atom

a small unit of matter

blastocyst

first 2 weeks of the developing embryo

cell

the smallest unit capable of independent existence

cytology

study of the cell

fertilization

union of a male sperm and a female egg

molecule

very small particle consisting of two or more atoms held tightly together

oocyte

female egg cell

organ

structure with specific functions in a body system

organelle

part of a cell having a specialized function(s)

tissue

collection of similar cells

zygote

cell resulting from the union of the sperm and egg

chromatin

substance composed of DNA that forms chromosomes during cell division

chromosome

body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes

cytoplasm

clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell except for the nucleus

cytosol

liquid portion of the cell

deoxyribonucleic acid

source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes

electrolyte

substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles

hormone

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

intracellular

within the cell

membrane

thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity

metabolism

the constant changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell

nucleolus

small mass within the nucelus

nucleus

functional center of a cell or structure

steroid

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components

synthesis

the process of building a compound from different elements

connective

tissue widely distributed throughout the body that binds, supports, protects, fills spaces, and stores fat

epithelial

tissue that covers body surface, covers and lines internal organs, composes glands; protects, secretes, absorbs, excretes

muscle

tissue attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs, and in the heart and functions in movement

nervous

tissue that transmits impulses for coordination, sensory reception, motor actions

anabolism

the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism

carbohydrate

group of organic food compounds that includes sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose

catabolism

breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as part of metabolism

centriole

a paired organelle lying in cytoplasm near the nucleus

epithelium

tissue that covers surfaces or lines cavities

excrete

to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body