Cell Theory and Functions of Life

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to cell theory, functions of life, stem cells, and associated ethical considerations.

Cell Theory

The scientific theory stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms, and cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Schleiden and Schwann

The scientists who formulated the first two parts of the cell theory; Schleiden was a botanist and Schwann was a zoologist.

Robert Hooke

The scientist who coined the term 'cell' after observing cork under a microscope.

Striated Muscle Cells

Muscle cells that are multinucleated and larger than typical human cells, challenging the concept that cells function as discrete units.

Giant Algae

A single-celled organism that can grow to 100 mm in length and challenges the idea that organisms are always made of many cells.

Fungal Hyphae

Part of fungi that can be multinucleated and not compartmentalized, challenging the notion that living things are composed of discrete cells.

Functions of Life

The essential processes that define living organisms, including metabolism, reproduction, homeostasis, growth, response, excretion, and nutrition.

Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring within a living organism.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into various cell types.

Cell Differentiation

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

Emergent Properties

Characteristics of a system that emerge from the interactions of its parts, highlighting that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Stem Cell Potency

The ability of a stem cell to differentiate into different cell types; includes totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent.

Therapeutic Use of Stem Cells

The application of stem cells in medical treatments, such as for Stargardt's disease and leukemia.

Ethics of Stem Cells

The moral considerations involved in using stem cells, particularly embryonic stem cells versus adult stem cells.

Glucose and Oxygen

Key substances that cells need to exchange for metabolism and energy.