________: only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired.
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Hunds rule
________: when orbitals of equal energy (called degenerate) are available but there arent enough electrons to fill all of them completely, one electron is added to each orbital before a second one is added to any of them; spins of the single electrons in the degenerate orbitals should be aligned.
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wavelike nature
The ________ of an electron that prefers to be delocalized, spreading the electron density over a large volume space.
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Electrons
________ are drawn as arrows.
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Aufbau principle
________: orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest.
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Orbital
________: a region of space that can hold 2 electrons and has a specific quantized energy.
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Orthogonal
________: orbitals have no net overlap.
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Ionization potential
________: the energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.
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Energy
________: the ability to do work.
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Shells
________ are divided into subshells (spdf)
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Quantization
________: only specific values of energy are possible.
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Energy level diagrams
________: pictorially designate where electrons are placed in an electron configuration.
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Electrons
________ in lower energy orbitals are held tightly to the nucleus.
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Quantization
only specific values of energy are possible
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Orbital
a region of space that can hold 2 electrons and has a specific quantized energy
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Orthogonal
orbitals have no net overlap
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Ground state electron configuration
electron configuration of lowest energy
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Aufbau principle
orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest
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Pauli exclusion principle
only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired
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Hunds rule
when orbitals of equal energy (called degenerate) are available but there arent enough electrons to fill all of them completely, one electron is added to each orbital before a second one is added to any of them; spins of the single electrons in the degenerate orbitals should be aligned
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Energy level diagrams
pictorially designate where electrons are placed in an electron configuration
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Energy
the ability to do work
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Excited state
a state of a system at higher energy than the ground state
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Ionization potential
the energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom or molecule
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