Electronic Structure of Atoms

Pauli exclusion principle

________: only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired.

Hunds rule

________: when orbitals of equal energy (called degenerate) are available but there arent enough electrons to fill all of them completely, one electron is added to each orbital before a second one is added to any of them; spins of the single electrons in the degenerate orbitals should be aligned.

wavelike nature

The ________ of an electron that prefers to be delocalized, spreading the electron density over a large volume space.

Electrons

________ are drawn as arrows.

Aufbau principle

________: orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest.

Orbital

________: a region of space that can hold 2 electrons and has a specific quantized energy.

Orthogonal

________: orbitals have no net overlap.

Ionization potential

________: the energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.

Energy

________: the ability to do work.

Shells

________ are divided into subshells (spdf)

Quantization

________: only specific values of energy are possible.

Energy level diagrams

________: pictorially designate where electrons are placed in an electron configuration.

Electrons

________ in lower energy orbitals are held tightly to the nucleus.

Quantization

only specific values of energy are possible

Orbital

a region of space that can hold 2 electrons and has a specific quantized energy

Orthogonal

orbitals have no net overlap

Ground state electron configuration

electron configuration of lowest energy

Aufbau principle

orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest

Pauli exclusion principle

only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and their spins must be paired

Hunds rule

when orbitals of equal energy (called degenerate) are available but there arent enough electrons to fill all of them completely, one electron is added to each orbital before a second one is added to any of them; spins of the single electrons in the degenerate orbitals should be aligned

Energy level diagrams

pictorially designate where electrons are placed in an electron configuration

Energy

the ability to do work

Excited state

a state of a system at higher energy than the ground state

Ionization potential

the energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom or molecule