Henry VII

Rebellions were the greatest challenge facing Henry’s rule 1485 - 1509. Assess the validity of this view.

R - wen’t the most serious as H actions

Rebellions - serious but H dealt with it

• Lovell & Stafford (1486) In Yrk & Midlnd (RIII supp) BUT pardon to drain support. L&S imprisoned

• Y & C Unhappy with taxation - ch as H struggles to raise funds for war

• Yorkshire (1489) Earl of N killed (supp at BoB)

• Cornish (1497) Most serious threat, went to blackheath,

• BUT H actions minimised the ch:

• C - leaders executed, fines for all involved

• Y - made Surrey L in N.

Pretenders - H usurper =need to secure dynasty. They gave a figurehead for rebellions

• Simnel (1847) Warwick, serious battle of Stoke.

• Warbeck (1490s) challenging due to f.p - Margaret & trade ban, gave power to the Scottish to launch a rade (this led to the Cornish rebelion)

• W gains support from Stanley, trade embargo

Claimants

• Ed (Warwick) next strongest claim to the throne. imprisoned in T of L this gave the opp to Simnel to pretend to be him executed 1499. Not much of a threat as he was 10 but was a puppet for powerful people

• John de la pole, supported Warwick. Named heir by RIII. invited into royal council but flees

• Richard &Edmund last surviving heirs

• (Suffolk) handed over in treaty of Windsor (1506)

Foriegn relations (see doc for details)

• Brittany

• Spain - Catherine of Aragon

• France

• Scotland

• Burgundy - trade ban

‘In the years 1485 – 1499 Henry successfully secured his position on the English throne. ‘ Assess the validity of this view.

YES - Dealing with Claimants/Pretenders

YES & NO- Dealing with Nobility

YES & NO- f.p

• Spain - Sec through marrige alliance with Cath but Arthur died. Isabella’s death caused conflict between her husband and daughter over who would rule Castile . This led to tense Eng/Sp relations - Fer made an alliance with Fr

• Burgundy- trade ban due to Marg supporting Warbeck, but Magnus Intercursus

Henry’s success in establishing the dynasty was almost entirely due to the fact that he was a ruthless and brutal tyrant. Assess the validity of this view.

YES - dealing with reb

• Executed Warwick 1499

• Executed leaders of C rebellion

Nobility

• AoA & B&R

NO

• Rewarded loyal supporters - Earl of Oxford, Jasper Tudor

• Incentives - Order of the Garter,

• Invited JohnDLP to be on the council

• Surrey allowed to be L in the N

‘Henry VII successfully achieved his aims in foreign policy 1485 – 1509.’  Assess the validity of this view.

Aims: Security & Wealth

SECURITY

• Trade ban on Burgundy

WEALTH

• Trade ban on Burgundy

• Magnus Intercursus

• Malus Intercursus

• Increase cloth trade by 60%

INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION