CJUS 214: Chapter 2

Drug policy decisions have frequently been based on perceptions, beliefs, and _______ with little empirical foundation

attitudes

Drug policies have often reflected popular ___ against racial and ethic groups

Prejudice

  Historically, the Irish were associated with __________________________.

alcohol

The Chinese were associated with __________________________.

opium

African Americans were historically associated with __________________________.

cocaine

Mexicans were historically associated with __________________________.

marijuana

    Drinking alcohol for recreational purposes dates back more than __________________________ years.

5,000

The first temperance society was established in __________________________.

1808

Opposition to alcohol was often intertwined with __________________________.

nativism

The __________________________ Amendment made Prohibition national law.

18th

The Eighteenth Amendment was passed in __________________________.

1919

Congress passed the National Prohibition Act in __________________________.

1920

The National Prohibition Act was also known as the __________________________ Act.

Volstead

Under the Act, beverages containing more than __________________________% alcohol were considered intoxicating.

0.5

The U.S. Treasury Department created the __________________________ Bureau to enforce Prohibition

Prohibition

The Prohibition Bureau developed a reputation for being inept and __________________________.

corrupt

Prohibition was repealed in __________________________.

1933

Prohibition was sometimes referred to as the “Great __________________________.”

Experiment

Prohibition provided an opportunity for __________________________ crime to grow into an important force.

organized

Opium comes from the partially ripe seedpod of the opium __________________________.

poppy

Opium is classified as a __________________________ and was used as a pain reliever.

depressant

By approximately 1500 B.C., the __________________________ had discovered medical uses for opium.

Egyptians

Opium was commonly available in households in the form of __________________________.

laudanum

Morphine was named “morphium” after __________________________, the Greek god of sleep and dreams.

Morpheus

By the __________________________, morphine tablets and other products were readily available without a prescription

1850s

The hypodermic method of injecting drugs directly into the bloodstream was introduced to U.S. medicine in __________________________.

1856

Morphine became especially popular during the __________________________ War.

Civil

In 1874, a British chemist synthesized diacetyl-morphine, better known as __________________________.

heroin

Chinese laborers were brought into the United States after 1848 to work primarily in the __________________________ fields

gold

Chinese laborers brought with them the practice of smoking __________________________.

opium

Economic problems and __________________________ contributed to anti-Chinese legislation.

xenophobia

The Harrison Act was passed in __________________________.

1914

Under the Harrison Act, individuals dealing in certain drugs were required to register annually and pay a tax of $__________________________.

1

The __________________________ Revenue Service was placed in charge of enforcing the Harrison Act.

Interral

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act was passed in __________________________.

1970

The Drug Enforcement Agency, or DEA, was created in __________________________.

1973

The DEA was established within the Department of __________________________.

Justice

Cocaine is a __________________________ found in the leaves of the coca shrub

stimulate

Cocaine became popular in Europe during the __________________________ century.

20th

Coca leaves were chewed to provide stamina and __________________________.

energy

In __________________________, Congress identified cocaine as a narcotic and prohibited its importation

1922

Cocaine's popularity increased again during the 1970s and __________________________.

1980s

A new form of cocaine known as __________________________ became popular as the 1980s approached.

crack

Crack created widespread public alarm referred to as a drug __________________________.

scare

According to the PowerPoint, the popularity of drugs involved in drug scares tends to __________________________ over time

wave

Marijuana has been cultivated for at least __________________________ years

5,000

Marijuana has historically been used to manufacture products such as rope and __________________________.

paint

Arab traders brought marijuana's use as an intoxicant to __________________________ in the 1600s.

Africa

Early state laws against marijuana were often connected to reactions against __________________________ immigrants

Mexican

Before 1930, __________________________ states with relatively large Mexican populations had enacted anti-marijuana legislation

16

Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act in __________________________.

1937

Marijuana's popularity resurfaced during the __________________________.

1960s

In 1932, amphetamines were marketed as a nasal decongestant under the trade name __________________________.

Benzedrine

During World War II, amphetamines were given to soldiers to elevate mood and counteract __________________________.

fatigue

During the 1950s and 1960s, amphetamines were widely prescribed as a __________________________ aid

diet

The FDA's anti-amphetamine campaign was called “__________________________ Kills

Speed

Two smokeable amphetamines that surfaced during the 1980s were “Ice” and “Crystal __________________________.”

Meth

Barbiturates are sedating drugs synthesized from __________________________ acid.

barbituric

Barbiturates were widely prescribed in the United States during the __________________________s to induce sleep

1930s

Hallucinogens became particularly popular during the __________________________s

1960s

Harvard psychology professor __________________________ Leary helped popularize LSD

Timothy

LSD was made illegal in the United States in __________________________.

1965

Political attention toward drug abuse shifted toward increased __________________________ during the 1990s

punishments

Prison overcrowding led to increased use of diversion, drug treatment, and drug __________________________ during the 2000s

courts

The 21st century saw a sharp rise in __________________________ use in rural areas of the United States

methamphetamine

During the same period, __________________________ cocaine use dropped dramatically

crack

The government has increasingly focused on the nonmedical use of __________________________ medicine

Prescription