Health First Aid and CPR Quiz

First Aid

initial care to help

What are the body’s four primary functions?

• airway

• breathing

• circulation (pulse)

• bleeding control (life threatening)

What are the 3 P’s?

• Prevent further harm

• preserve life

• promote recovery

What are the first steps of first aid?

• Check the scene for safety

• apply PPE (personal protective equipment) like facial mask, gloves, etc

• check person for bleeding, breathing, and pulse plus responsiveness, for something to tell 911

• call 911

• gather info if awake about history, pain, etc

  • some people wear medical jewelry

What are classifications of burns?

1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree

What is a first degree burn?

a burn on the outer layer of the skin, redness

What is a second degree burn?

a burn on the first 2 layers of skin (blistering)

What is a third degree burn?

a burn through all layers of skin to inner tissues

What should you do when you get a burn (for any type)?

Avoid infection and don’t pop blisters

How do you treat a first degree burn?

run cool water over the burn. Don’t use ointments or spray if there are blisters

How do you treat a second degree burn?

cover it with nonstick gauze. Take off jewelry or clothes the way. Cover with gauze, keep them dry, and do not open the gauze

How do you treat a third degree burn?

Get immediate help. Take off jewelry or clothes the way. Cover with gauze, keep them dry, and do not open the gauze

Bleeding

loss of blood or escape of blood from the circulatory system (which delivers oxygen)

Internal Bleeding

Blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body

External bleeding

Bleeding through a natural opening or break in the skin

What are the principles of external bleeding?

• Look/inspect the wound

• Apply direct pressure (squeeze, don’t remove coverings or pressure)

• Elevate

• Protect yourself (PPE)

How do you know if someone is choking?

If they are not coughing, breathing, and they are not able to talk

How do you help someone who is choking?

• check the scene for safety

• ask the person if they are choking

• if yes, ask for their consent to help them

• 5 back blows, 5 upward/inward abdominal thrusts (around the belly button area)

• keep alternating until the object comes out or the person goes unconscious

How do you help a pregnant woman who is choking?

go behind them and put arms around under their arms and thrust upward

What to do if a choking victim goes unconscious?

• call 911 immediately (or have someone else do it if you haven’t already)

• do 30 chest compressions. Keep going until help arrives or they wake up

How do reactions to allergies range?

From mild to severe (anaphalaxis)

What is a severe reaction to an allergy called?

Anaphalaxis

What is characteristic of a mild allergy reaction?

• usually only skin symptoms

• don’t tend to affect breathing

• can be treated with antihistamines

What is characteristic of a severe allergic reaction?

• difficulty breathing

• multiple body systems involved

• treatment=epinephrine immediately

How do you use an epi-pen?

• inject into their outer thigh

• if you need to use it, call 911

• follow directions on epipen for use

What is the nature of most stings and bites?

They are usually mild and can be treated at home

What are the symptoms of stings and bites?

• itching

• swelling

• redness

• stinging

What can happen in certain cases of stings and bites?

• bites can transmit diseases

• stings can cause anaphalaxis

What are severe symptoms of stings and bites?

• trouble breathing

• swelling of lips, face, eyelids, or throat

• dizziness, fainting, unconsciousness

• weak/rapid pulse

• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

• hives

How do you deal with a tick bite?

get the tick fully out and test for lyme disease

What is hypothermia?

when body temperature drops below 95°

When does hypothermia become severe?

when the body drops into the 80° range, because organs start to shut down

How do you handle hypothermia?

get wet clothes off and get somewhere warm

What is hyperthermia?

when the body’s temperature exceeds 100°

What causes hyperthermia?

when the body absorbs/generates more heat than it can release

What are symptoms of hyperthermia?

lots of sweating and dehydration

When does hyperthermia become severe?

when the body’s temperature goes above 104°, and you stop sweating. The body starts to shut down

What are the 3 types of heat emergency?

• Heat cramps

• Heat exhaustion

• Heat stroke

What causes heat cramps?

loss of salt

What causes heat exhaustion?

dehydration

What causes heat stroke?

shock

How can the 3 types of heat emergency be helped?

by hydrating and getting electrolytes

What does RICE stand for?

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

What is RICE used for?

ligament or tendon injuries

What is cardiac arrest?

when your heart stops (not pumping)

Who does cardiac arrest affect?

anyone

What are symptoms of cardiac arrest?

unconscious, gasping or not breathing

What is a heart attack?

a blockage in the arteries around your heart

Who does heart attacks affect?

those with high cholesterol or other health issues

What are symptoms of a heart attack?

conscious, in pain, pain down the left side

What are the steps of CPR/chest compressions?

• place victim on their back

• check for consciousness

• tell someone to call 911/or do it yourself

• start chest compressions (mid-chest, lock elbows)

• pump fast (100-120 times per minute)

• keep going, even if gasping

• keep doing it until help arrives

What are the 3 C’s?

• Check: shake and shout

• Call 911: send someone. to do it/get AED

• Care: compress chest at 100-120 bpm

How do you do CPR?

• kneel beside them

• place the heel of one hand on top of the other

• lock your elbows

• aim for the middle of the chest (sternum)

• push hard and fast (100/min)

• take turns with another person when tired

When do you stop CPR?

• when help arrives

• until the person moves, speaks, or blinks

• or otherwise responds

What does AED stand for?

automated external defibrillator

How do you use an AED?

• directions are on the AED, it will tell you what to do

• clothes off, shave if necessary

• keep compressing until ready to use AED

• don’t touch patient when shocking them

What is a stroke?

a blockage in the brain

What is FAST used for?

to tell if someone has a stroke

What does FAST stand for?

• Face: does one side droop? smile?

• Arms: raise arms? is one weak or numb?

• Speech: slurred? repeat a simple sentence?

• Time: have symptoms? call 911, get to hospital immediately

What people do strokes affect?

people with health issues like blood clots, high cholesterol, etc

Why do you need to get help immediately after a stroke?

to save their life and minimize lasting effects