IU Manufacturing and Quality Analysis Test 1

What is Manufacturing?

Coordination of the process of good getting produced and available for purchase

Merchandising Relationships

1. Design and Development2. Analysis and Planning

3. Sourcing and Production

4. Operations and Distribution

5. Sales and Marketing

Manufacturing Cycle

Research + Analysis - Development + Design - Sourcing and Costing - Production + Management - Logistics + Distribution - Sales + Marketing

Historical Sales Analysis

Maximize success and minimize poor aspects of busniess

Market/Consumer Research

identify and capitalize on market trends

Product Trend Idnetification

find and forecast new styling, components, and trends

Industry Innovation

recent technical and creative developments for product development

Competitive Comparison

identify competition and examine business

Socio-Economic Climate

Looking at world analysis

Creative Design

All the aspects of creating the design

EX. - New concepts

- Theme/Story

- Colors/Patterns

Technical Design

Logistics behind the product

EX. - Fabrications and Trim

-Construction

- Branding/Labeling

Sourcing and Costing

Factors to Evaluate:

- Cost

-Quality Control

-Product Development Support

Product and Quality Management

1. Sampling

2. Quality check 1

3. Approval

4. Pre-Production (PP)

5. Top of Production (TOP)

6. Monitoring

Wholesaler

Send out the basics

EX. Sourcing a white T-shirt

Retailer

Makes product unique

EX. Putting a graphic on the T-shirt

Manufacturer

Creates the product

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Prevents unfair methods of competition

- Protecting competition and consumers

Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (TFPIA)

1. Fiber Content

2. Manufacturer Identification

3. Country of Origin

Substantial Transformation

US Custom Service to verify country of origin

Natural Fibers

Natural from plants or animals

Manufactured Fibers

Made fibers

EX. Petroleum or plant fibers

Staples

-Used in Natural Fibers

-Short fibers

-Measured in IN or CM

Filaments

-Used in Manufactured Fibers

-Long fibers

-Measured in YDS or METERS

Yarn

Continuous strands of fibers

(Used for weaving or knitting)

Mono-filament Yarn

Uncut, manufactured fibers

EX. Underwear, athletic apparel

Spun Yarn

Either natural staples, cut filaments, or uncut filaments

Fabric

EITHER KNIT OR WOVEN from yarn

Tech Packs

Tool to monitor and record the progress of style/product development

Tariffs

A tax on imports that is imposed by the government

(each country has their own)

Quotas

A type of trade restriction that limits the quantity of a product or what can be imported in a country during a certain time period

Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

Negotiated to promote trade with other countries by taking away tariff rates

Trade Preference Programs (TPP)

Allows duty-free entry of apparel into the US

IF apparel is cut and assembled by the receiving country

Tolerances

Difference between the allowable min and max of a specification or standard

Testing

Ensures quality throughout the different stages of development

Mandatory Testing

Major categories for testing

1. Fiber Labeling - fabric content

2. Care Labeling - normal washing and wear instructions

3. Flammability

4. Hazardous Chemicals

Acceptable Quality Levels (AQL's)

1. Critical Defects - product is unsafe or unusable for user

2. Major Defects - appearance, function, or form

3. Minor Defects - does not affect function or form

CMT (Cut , Make, Trim)

Assembly factories only that work on a contracted basis

Full Package Sourcing

One-stop shopping

Buyer specifies construction

International Commerce Terms (Incoterms)

Terms are an agreement that sets expectations for transfer of ownership and/or payment

Estimated Landed Cost (ELC)

Estimated cost of the Landed Cost