NCEA Level 3 Chemistry - Aqueous Systems

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15 Terms

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K_aMeaning

Ka represents the acid dissociation constant. It's a numerical value that indicates the strength of an acid in a solution. The higher the K_a the stronger the acid.

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pK_a Meaning

pKa is a numerical value that indicates the acidity of a molecule, specifically how readily it donates protons. The lower the pK_a, the stronger the acid.

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Weak Acid formula

$[H_{3}O^{+}]=\sqrt{Ka\times[Acid]}$

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Weak base formula

$[H_{3}O^{+}]=\sqrt{\frac{Ka(conj.acid)\times Kw}{[Base]}}$

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Buffer 1 formula

$pH=pKa+log\frac{[base]}{[acid]}$

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Buffer 2 Formula

$[H_{3}O^{+}]=Ka\times\frac{[acid]}{[base]}$

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Dilution Formula

$[o.g]\times\frac{o.g volume}{Total volume}$

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What is a buffer

a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. Buffers are typically made up of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

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Buffer effectiveness if pH>pKa

more effective against strong acid

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Buffer effectiveness if pH<pKa

more effective against strong base

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Buffer effectiveness if pH=pKa

the buffer is equally effective

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I.P

the actual product of the concentrations of ions in solubility equilibria