UI foundations

Limited Government

A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and bound by a constitution

;pluralist democracy

a model of democracy in which no one group dominates politics and organized groups compete with each other to influence policy

;elite democracy

model of democracy in which a small number of people, usually those who are wealthy and well-educated, influence political decision making

;implied powers

Powers of the federal government that are not explicitly named in the Constitution but are inferred so that the federal government can carry out its enumerated powers

Example right to establish a bank thru necessary and proper clause;US vs Lopez

The Court held that Congress had exceeded its commerce clause power by prohibiting guns in school

;McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law;

Limited Government

A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and bound by a constitution.

Natural Rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property ( pursuit of happiness)

Popular Sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

Republicanism

A form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws

Social Contract

An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed example: Rousseau's ideas

participatory democracy

a model of democracy in which citizens have the power to decide directly on policy and politicians are responsible for implementing those policy decisions.

pluralist democracy

a model of democracy in which no one group dominates politics and organized groups compete with each other to influence policy.

elite democracy

model of democracy in which a small number of people, usually those who are wealthy and well-educated, influence political decision making. Think the aristocracy in society

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments example: layer cake

concurrent powers

powers shared by the national and state governments ex: power to tax

Mandates

a requirement or an order from the central government that all state and local government must comply with. ex: Americans with disabilities act

revenue sharing

1972-1986 - Distribution of fixed amount or share of federal tax revenues to the states for spending on almost any govt. purpose

categorical grants

Federal funds for specific purposes, such as building an airport or textbooks

block grants

Federal funds given to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services. example: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

enumerated powers

Powers of the federal government that are explicitly named in the Constitution.Examples: power to borrow money, power to declare war, and create a post office.

implied powers

Powers of the federal government that are not explicitly named in the Constitution but are inferred so that the federal government can carry out its enumerated powers. Example right to establish a bank thru necessary and proper clause

US vs Lopez

The Court held that Congress had exceeded its commerce clause power by prohibiting guns in school. example: gun violence in current society issue

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

reserved powers

Powers held by the states through the 10th Amendment. Any power not granted to the US government reverts to the states

inherent powers

powers that are given to our government, simply because we are a government example: Louisiana purchase

Cooperative Federalism (marble cake)

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.

Dual Federalism (Layer Cake)

clear division of governing authority between national and state governments

New Federalism (Devolution)

The process of giving power back to the states; Reagan (block grants) & Nixon (revenue sharing)

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law