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What is the Internet?
A very large global network to allow users to access the World Wide Web
What type of network is the Internet?
Wide area network
Who made the World Wide Web and why?
Tim Berners-Lee as he would need to access different computers for different information so he shared information using hypertext
What is the World Wide Web?
Collection of webpages and websites
What is Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
Text-based address for a website
What does web browser?
Software that retrieves and displays web pages
How does a user accesses a webpage?
The user types the URL into the web browser
What are the components of a URL?
Protocol, domain name, webpage file name
How is a web page requested and retrieved by a computer?
The user opens the web browser an types the URL into the address bar
The web browser sends the URL to the domain name server (DNS)
The DNS stores the IP address to the domain name
If the IP address was not found in the DNS, it sends the domain name to the second DNS
This happens till the domain name is found
If it is not found a message is sent back to the web browser saying that the website is not found
The web browser receives the IP address
The web browser sends a request to the web server
When the web server receives a request to the web page, its sends the data for the website HTML, CSS and javascript to the web browser using HTTP
The web browser renders HTML and CSS and runs the javascript
What does HTTPS do?
Add an extra layer of security that encrypt data that is transferred by using a digital certificate
What is a digital certificate?
A certificate awarded to a website if they can prove they are a real organisation
What is the certificate authority?
Awarding organisation that checks if another organisation is real and secured before giving additional certificate
How is a layer of security added?
Before web browser send a request to Web servers for the webpage it sends a request to the web server for digital certificate
Server send a copy of Of the digital certificate to browser
Web browser check if the certificate is authentic
If the certificate is authentic web browser allows communication to continue with WebServer and data transmitted is encrypted
If certificate is not authentic, the web browser will report that the website is not secure
What does HTTPS protocol use?
Secure socket layer or transport layer security
What is the main purpose of a web browser?
A software application allowing you to access information available on the worldwide web
What does render mean?
Processing webpage data like HTML to display a webpage
What is a cookie?
Small text file that is used to your personal data by a web browser
What are examples of what cookie store?
String usernames and passwords for accounts
String bank card details for buying products online
Storing products in a virtual shopping cart
Help formatting websites
Track content you are looking at in the worldwide web for advertisement
what are the two types of cookies?
Session and persistent cookies
What are session cookies?
Deleted when the browser is closed
What are persistent cookies?
Cookie stored by web browser until deleted by user or expired
Where are persistent cookies stored in?
Hard drives
What are risks of cookies?
Invasion of privacy
Identity being stolen
How can you reduce the risks of cookies?
By limited cookies by changing the settings of your web browser
What is digital currency?
exists electronically then physically
How is payment encrypted?
Using hTTPS protocol
Where are payment details stored in?
Persistent cookies
What is cryptocurrency?
Additional currency that uses encryption and not managed by central authority
What is Blockchain?
A method used to track transactions made with cryptocurrency
What is Digital ledger?
Database that is a list of transactions recorded by Blockchain
How does Blockchain work?
When a payment is made a record is added to the ledger, including a digital signature with the time, and the payment was made is encrypted and cannot be changed, but anyone can view the data
What are digital currencies?
exist electronically then physically
How was payment encrypted?
Using HTTPS Protocol
Where are payment details stored in?
Persistent cookies
What is cryptocurrency?
Digital currency that uses encryption and not managed by central authority
What is Blockchain?
A method used to attract transaction made with cryptocurrency
What is digital ledger?
Database that is a list of transactions recorded by Blockchain
How does Blockchain work?
When a payment is made a record is added to the ledger, including additional signature with the time and date the payment was made. The data is encrypted and cannot be changed, but anyone can view the data.