AP CSP Exam Review

Flashcards for reviewing AP Computer Science Principles exam.

digital divide:

gaps between those who have access to the internet and those who do not

computing bias:

computing innovations can reflect existing racial/gender/etc biases

copyright:

the person who created something determines who uses their creation

Creative Commons:

copyright license for creators to give others the ability to use their work

Open-sourcing:

work is freely shared, distributed, and modified

Open access:

research available to public w/ out restrictions

Crowdsourcing:

getting a large amount of input or information from people on the Internet.

Citizen Science:

scientific research that the general population helps to conduct.

personally identifiable information (PII):

information that can be used to identify you

encryption:

encoding data to prevent others from accessing it

key:

a secret piece of information used to encrypt data

symmetric key encryption:

one key for both encrypting & decrypting

public key encryption:

public key to encrypt & private key to decrypt

Computing Innovation:

an innovation that uses a program as a key part of their function.

Pair Programming:

when two people share one computer and take turns coding

Purpose:

What a program is designed to do (ex: solving problems, creative expression)

Code Segments:

a smaller collection of statements that are part of a program

Code Statements:

individual instructions

Program Inputs:

pieces of data (visual, auditory, touch, etc) that a computer takes in and processes

Program Outputs:

the data (same types as inputs) that the computer returns

Program Events:

an action that gives a program data to respond to

Program Behavior:

how a program will respond to a user interacting with it.

iterative development process:

develop working prototypes of a program and go back through the cycle to redevelop the program.

incremental development process:

break a problem into small parts and then reassemble the solution when each party is fixed

Program Documentation:

a description of how something in your program works

Comments:

program doc. written directly into the program itself

Logic Errors:

unexpected behavior in program's output

Syntax Errors:

the code does not work properly because it is typed or written incorrectly

Run-Time Errors:

error occurs while code runs

Overflow Errors:

the numbers are too big for the computer

Hand tracing:

manually tracking your variables' values as your program goes along

Print statements:

printing out values to make sure they're correct

Internet =

interconnection and networks

computer network:

when multiple computing devices (ex: computer, tablet) communicate with each other

routing:

the process of finding the best path to deliver information.

path:

sequences of connected computing devices (routers) that begin at the sender and end at the receiver.

bandwidth:

the rate of data transfer from one device to another; megabits per second

protocol:

set of rules; the internet uses the TCP/IP and UDP protocols to communicate

World Wide Web:

a system of web-pages, programs, and files; runs on the Internet but is not the internet

scalability:

the capacity to change in size and scale to meet new demands.

fault tolerant:

something can still function even w/ a partial malfunction

redundancy:

duplication of things; helps make the internet fault tolerant

sequential computing:

traditional programming where each program is processed at a time

Parallel computing:

when program is broken into smaller operations and processed at the same time using multiple processors

Distributed computing:

multiple devices communicate together to run a program

sequential solution:

takes as long as the # of all steps in a program; With 3 steps of a, b, and c length, the sequential solution equals a+b+c

parallel computing solution:

faster w less # of cores; if all steps are independent, find the solution that results in the minimum possible time

speedup of a parallel solution:

sequential solution time/parallel solution time.

Abstraction:

reduces complexity by only focusing on the most important parts & hiding the irrelevant parts from the user- important for AP CSP!!

ASCII code

converts text to binary format

Analog data is

measured continuously & changes smoothly

Digital data is

measured digitally and leaves out extra data by simplifying the data collected (form of abstraction)

Lossless compression:

less compression & better file quality

Lossy compression:

more compression & worse file quality

Metadata:

data about data

Data mining:

examining very large data sets to find information

Transforming data:

editing or modifying data (ex: doubling every number/graphing data points)

Cleaning data:

making data uniform w/o changing meaning (ex: correcting misspelled words)

Procedures are

programming instructions that are also called methods or functions

Parameters:

input variables of a procedure

Arguments:

a procedure call with defined values.