Respiratory System

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange, regulate blood pH, vocalization, protection, olfaction

Capnia

CO2

What is the upper airway made of?

Nose, sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx

What does the upper airway do?

Filters, warms, and humidifies inhaled air

What makes up the lower airway?

Larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli. Made up of conducting and respiratory zones

What do conducting zones do?

Bring air into the lungs

What do respiratory zones do?

Gas exchange, only at alveoli

What does the diaphragm do?

Contracts and releases to breathe

How is the trachea shape changed?

The muscles are controlled by the ANS

What is the function of cartilage around the trachea?

Keep it open

Primary bronchi

Branch off trachea

Bifurcate

Split into two

What is the volume of the conductive airway?

150 mL

Dead space

Not available for gas exchange

How do cartilage, smooth muscle, and alveoli change as bronchioles get smaller?

Cartilage decreases, alveoli and smooth muscle increase

Where is the change from conducting to respiratory zones?

In the bronchioles

Where are most foreign materials inhaled trapped at?

In the bronchioles

Purpose of bronchioles

Smooth muscle changes diameter to control airflow resistance / air distribution in lungs

What receptor does the sympathetic NS use?

b2 adrenergic receptors

How does activation of the sympathetic system affect the bronchioles?

Bronchodilation, smooth muscle is relaxed

What hormone stimulates b2 adregeneric receptors?

epinephrine

what receptors does the parasympathetic system use?

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

How does the activation of the parasympathetic NS affect bronchioles?

Bronchoconstriction and mucous secretion