MYP4 Chem

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Atom

Smallest particle of an element

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Diatomic

A molecule consisting of two atoms

Chemical change

A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.

Compounds

2 or more elements chemically combined

Solvation

The interactions between solute particles and solvent molecules in a solution

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Mixture characteristics

Variable composition, variable properties, can be separated using physical methods

Pure substance

substance made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure.

Pure substance characteristics

Fixed composition and properties, cannot be separated into simpler substances using physical methods

Mixture vs pure substance

Pure substances are further broken down into elements and compounds. Mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated into their original components.

Solid and liquid separation methods

Insoluble: centrifuging, decantation, filtration. Soluble: crystallization, evaporation to dryness, simple distillation.

Liquid and liquid separation methods

Immiscible: separating funnel. Partially miscible: solvent extraction. Miscible: fractional distillation

Solubility

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.

Kinetic molecular theory

the theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules) moving constantly in random directions

Solid

A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. Particles are in a crystal repeating pattern and closely packed together. Strong attractive forces.

Liquid

A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. Slightly more space apart particles but still close together.

Gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume. Particles move randomly at rapid speed.

Heating curve

a diagram that shows the temperature changes and changes of state of a substance as it is heated

Flat parts on a heating curve

Where phase changes are happening

Diagonal lines

Where temperature is steadily rising

Atom vs element

Atoms are the basic units that all matter is made of. All the matter in the universe is made of tiny particles called atoms When matter is made of only one kind of atom, it is called an element.