Medical Terminology - EXAM2

CH4-7

Bones start as ___

Cartilage

Epiphyseal Plate is also known as ___

Growth Plate

The growth center lies in ___

Metaphysis

Where is the Metaphysis?

Between the end of the bone (Epiphysis) and the long shaft of the bone (Diaphysis)

-physis

growth

crani/o

skull

axial part of your skeleton is located where?

in the middle

small bones of the spine are called?

vertebrae

what are the four sections of the spine?

1. neck (cervical)

2. chest/upper back (thoracic)

3. lower back (lumbar)

4. tail bone (sacral)

costo

ribs

brachi/o

arm

radius & ulna

forearm

carpe/carpus

wrist

phalanges

fingers/toes

femur

thigh bone

tarsal

ankle

tibia and fibula

shin bones

oste/o

bone

cervic/o

neck

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

loin/lower back

dactyl/o

finger

carp/o

wrist

cost/o

rib

femor/o

femur

tibi/o

tibia (shinbone)

tars/o

ankle

every bone in the body except the ______ bone is connected to another

hyoid

flexion

when a joint bends

extension

when a joint straightens

abduction

widening of a joint to move parts away from the body

adduction

joint narrows to bring parts back towards the body

tendons

hold muscle to bone

ligaments

hold bone to bone

cartilage

surrounds bones at the joint for smooth movement

bursae

sacs of fluid beneath tendons to help smooth movements

chondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

striations

thousands of muscle fibers bundled together to form a muscle (also called striated muscle)

how does smooth muscle differ from cardiac and skeletal muscles?

it has no specific bundles

where do you find smooth muscles?

lining hollow organs like blood vessels & airways

cardiac and smooth muscles move ____

involuntarily

fascia

thick, fibrous membrane encasing skeletal muscles

skeletal muscles attach to ___

bone

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon

muscul/o, my/o, myos/o

muscle

fasci/o

fascia

kinesio

movement

tono

muscles’ tone

taxo

muscle coordination

paresis

partial paralysis

plegia

completely paralysis

muscles require input from the ____ system to move

nervous

ton/o

tone, tension

kinesi/o, kinet/o

movement, motion

tax/o

arrangement, order, coordination

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

___ is the most common musculoskeletal medical complaint

pain

ostalgia/ostealgia

pain in a bone

arthralgia/arthrodynia

joint pain

tenalgia

pain in a tendon

myalgia/myodynia

pain in a muscle

atrophy

underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue

hypertrophy

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

genu varum

bow-legged

genu valgum

knock/kneed

ankylosis

joint stiffness

crepitus/crepitation

crackling joints

hypotonia

decrease in muscle tone

hypertonia

exaggerated muscle tone

costalgia

rib pain

metatarsalgia

pain in foot bones

ostalgia/ostealgia

bone pain

osteodynia

bone pain

spondylodynia

vertebra pain

tibialgia

tibia pain

ankylosis

joint stiffness

cervicodynia

neck pain

bradykinesia

slow movement

dyskinesia

inability to control movement

dystaxia

poor coordination

dystonia

poor muscle tone

graphospasm

writer’s cramp

hyperkinesia

increase in muscle movement/activity

hypertonia

increased muscle tone/tightness

hypokinesia

decrease in muscle movement/activity

hypotonia

decrease in muscle tone/tightness

myospasm

muscle spasm

tenalgia

tendon pain

polydactyly

extra fingers

syndactyly

fused fingers

arthrocentesis

puncture of a joint

arthroscope

instrument for looking into a joint

arthroscopy

procedure of looking into a joint

electromyogram

a record of the electrical activity of a muscle

electromyography

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

myography

procedure for studying muscles

arthrogram

visual record of a joint

arthrography

procedure used to examine a joint