Frozen section

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55 Terms

1

What is the main purpose of a frozen section during surgery?

To provide rapid pathological diagnosis

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2

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of frozen section?

High morphological detail

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3

What is a major disadvantage of frozen section?

Potential ice crystal artifacts

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4

Which tissue type is commonly examined using frozen section?

Muscle and nerve

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5

What freezing method is ideal for muscle tissue?

Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen

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6

Which temperature range is optimal for cryostat operation?

-18°C to -20°C

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7

What is the primary function of the cryostat?

To freeze tissue for sectioning

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8

In the cold knife procedure, what is applied to freeze the filter paper onto the microtome stage?

CO2 bursts

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9

What is the typical thickness of frozen sections?

5-10 microns

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10

Which embedding medium is commonly used in cryostat sectioning?

OCT compound

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11

What is the primary function of the antiroll plate in cryostat sectioning?

Prevents curling of cut tissue

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12

What is the ideal thickness for frozen tissue blocks before freezing?

3-5 mm

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13

Which of the following is a rapid freezing method that minimizes ice crystal artifacts?

Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen

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14

What is the main function of OCT compound?

Acts as an embedding medium

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15

Which freezing method is the fastest but may cause cracking?

Liquid nitrogen

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16

What is the effect of slow freezing on tissue?

Causes ice crystal formation

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17

The cryostat maintains isothermic conditions at:

-18°C to -20°C

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18

What is the purpose of freeze-drying in tissue preservation?

Prevents chemical alteration

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19

What component of the cryostat moves the tissue via a rotary wheel?

Rotary microtome

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20

Which chemical is commonly used in freeze-substitution?

Osmium tetroxide

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21

Which freezing artifact appears as holes in tissue sections?

Ice crystal artifacts

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22

What happens if a frozen tissue section is not maintained in a solid state?

It dehydrates quickly

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23

What is the function of the antiroll plate in cryostat sectioning?

Prevents tissue curling

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24

What is the purpose of freeze-substitution?

Dehydrates tissue at low temperatures

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25

What is an alternative to an antiroll plate for tissue handling?

Camel hair brush

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26

What is the main purpose of using an antiroll plate in cryostat sectioning?

To prevent curling of the tissue section

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27

Which freezing method is suitable for small tissue pieces?

Aerosol sprays

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28

Which of the following is a common fixative for frozen sections?

Acetone

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29

What type of blade is typically used in cryostat sectioning?

High-profile disposable blade

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30

What is the ideal temperature range for freeze-drying tissue?

-160°C to -180°C

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31

What is the purpose of the rotary microtome in cryostat sectioning?

To move the tissue for sectioning

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32

What happens when frozen tissue is cut too slowly?

Ice crystal artifacts increase

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33

Which of the following factors affects cryostat sectioning?

Tissue temperature

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34

What is the main function of freeze-substitution?

To replace water with a chemical fixative at low temperatures

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35

What fixative is commonly used for enzyme histochemistry in frozen sections?

10% formol calcium

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36

What is the primary drawback of freeze-drying?

Time-consuming and expensive

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37

What is the function of the specimen holder (chuck) in cryostat sectioning?

Holds the tissue in place for cutting

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38

Which of the following is a key advantage of freeze-substitution over freeze-drying?

Faster processing time

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39

What happens if the knife in a cryostat is not properly chilled?

Tissue melts during cutting

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40

Which of the following techniques is used to remove water from frozen tissue without chemical fixation?

Freeze-drying

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41

What is the primary reason for maintaining tissue in a frozen solid state during sectioning?

To prevent compression and distortion

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42

Which of the following freezing artifacts is most problematic for skeletal muscle sections?

Ice crystal formation

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43

What is the recommended thickness for cryostat sections?

5-10 µm

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44

Why is fast freezing preferred over slow freezing?

It reduces ice crystal formation

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45

What type of stains are commonly used for frozen section diagnosis?

All of the above

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46

What is the primary disadvantage of using liquid nitrogen for freezing?

Causes cracking of tissue

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47

Which step follows section cutting in frozen section preparation?

All of the above

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48

What is the role of the antiroll plate in sectioning?

Prevents tissue curling

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49

Which of the following best describes freeze-drying?

Removes water from tissue through sublimation

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50

What temperature should a cryostat chamber be maintained at for optimal sectioning?

-18°C to -20°C

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51

Which of the following freezing methods is ideal for neuropathology?

Freeze-substitution

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52

What type of artifact can occur due to uneven freezing with liquid nitrogen?

Ice crystal formation

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53

What is the function of the cryostat chamber in frozen section processing?

To maintain low temperatures for sectioning

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54

Why are frozen sections preferred over paraffin sections for certain studies?

They allow for rapid intraoperative diagnosis

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55

What should be done if tissue is stored in alcohol before frozen sectioning?

Wash the tissue in water for 12-24 hours before freezing

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