ch31; deuterostomes

deuterostomes

MOUTH FORMS SECOND

echinoderms

sea stars, brittle stars, sea pickles, and sand dollars

echinoderm characteristics

pentaradial symmetry w an oral/aboral (no mouth) surface, hydrovascular skeleton ending in tube feet, madreporite allows water into system

hemichordates

3 sections; proboscis, collar and trunk- only includes arrow worms and pterobranch

chordates

post anal tail, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits

lancelets

filter feeding sand worms, notochord retained throughout life, pharynx enlarged to form pharyngeal basket for filtering foot

tunicates

colonial marine filter feeders (sea squirts)- COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS

vertebrates

vertrebal column, full coelom, anterior skull, ventral heart, rigid skeletal system to support musculature

chondrichthyes

cartilaginous fish; sharks, rays, skates, chimeras

chondrichthyes characteristics

flexible leathery skin and a skeleton made of cartilage, swim w lateral motino of a caudal fin, jaws evolved from front gil slits

bony fish (ray finned fishes)

have calcified bones, swim bladders, and operculum to cover gills, often omnivorous, form complex schools w electroreceptors in their lateral line system

lobe finned fish

denser bones that could support their bodies under the pressure of land, air filled sacs developed into lungs, includes coelacants, lungfish and tetrapods

amphibians

inhabit land but require water/moisture for breathing and reproduction, produce membrane bound eggs, aquatic larvae, frogs toads salamanders newts caecilians

amniotes

egg laying creatures, thicker skin and kidneys to prevent drying out on land- includes reptiles/birds and mammals

why egg so important

allow reproduction without water

reptiles

lepidosaurs, turtles, crocodilians, and birds

mammals

have sweat glands, mammary glands, hair, 4 chambered heart, specialized teeth, internal fertilization

marsupials

carry their young in pouches

eutherians

placental mammals, incredibly diverse group

primates

wet noses (dumb) and dry nosed (smart!)