Master Unit 6

The author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women was
a. Mary Astell.
b. Olympe de Gouges.
c. John Stuart Mill.
d. Mary Wollstonecraft.
e. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

The author of A Vindication of the Rights of Women was
a. Mary Astell.
b. Olympe de Gouges.
c. John Stuart Mill.
d. Mary Wollstonecraft.
e. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

d. Mary Wollstonecraft.

Theodore Herzl was the founder of
a. the Seneca Falls Conference.
b. Zionism.
c. German nationalism.
d. modern anti-Semitism.
e. modern conservatism.

b. Zionism.

During the rule of the Directory,
a. France was finally defeated by a combined British, Prussian, Austrian, and Russian army.
b. the French Revolution moved in a more conservative direction.
c. the French Revolution reached its most radical stage.
d. the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was written.
e. the French monarchy was abolished and Louis XVI was executed.

b. the French Revolution moved in a more conservative direction.

The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to spread Enlightenment ideals and
a. strengthened the European control over South America.
b. gave complete freedom and equality to women.
c. encouraged the consolidation of national states.
d. repudiated socialist and communist philosophies.
e. resulted in the weakening of national states because of the growing emphasis on the individual.

c. encouraged the consolidation of national states.

The turning point in Napoleon's career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of
a. Spain.
b. England.
c. Italy.
d. Austria.
e. Russia.

e. Russia.

The leading conservative politician at the Congress of Vienna was
a. Edmund Burke.
b. Theodore Herzl.
c. Otto von Bismarck.
d. Klemens von Metternich.
e. Napoleon.

d. Klemens von Metternich.

Napoleon's final defeat occurred at
a. Waterloo.
b. Elba.
c. Leipzig.
d. Moscow.
e. St. Helena.

a. Waterloo.

After the end of the Seven Years' War,
a. the British were forced to hand all of North America over to the French.
b. the French proved to be much better for the colonies after the British left.
c. the colonists grew much closer to the British in appreciation for the British sacrifices in the war.
d. the British began to lose control of their North American colonies.
e. the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.

e. the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.

The creoles of Latin America were influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment
a. but only wanted to displace the peninsulares and still retain their privileged positions.
b. but wanted to carry these notions to their logical conclusion and grant equality to women.
c. and hoped for the establishment of an egalitarian society like Haiti.
d. but wanted to turn the tables and deny all rights to the peninsulares.
e. and hoped for tremendous social reform that like promoted by the French revolutionary Robespierre.

a. but only wanted to displace the peninsulares and still retain their privileged positions.

In response to the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
a. it was, in fact, the English who offered complete equality for women.
b. its author, Olympe de Gouges, became a leading force in the French Revolution.
c. the French revolutionary leaders called for complete equality for women.
d. French women achieved political, but not economic, equality.
e. the French revolutionary leaders refused to put women's rights on their political agenda.

e. the French revolutionary leaders refused to put women's rights on their political agenda.

The leader who was responsible for the success of the Saint-Domingue uprising was
a. Miguel de Hidalgo.
b. Simon Bolivar.
c. Boukman.
d. Louverture.
e. Jose de San Martin.

d. Louverture.

The ancient regime was
a. the estate that comprised the clergy in prerevolutionary France.
b. the term Metternich used to describe the dangerous and growing class of urban revolutionaries.
c. the old order in France that revolutionary leaders wanted to replace.
d. the traditional, European-born ruling class in South America.
e. the term for the first democracies in Greece and Rome.

c. the old order in France that revolutionary leaders wanted to replace.

Which of the following was not one of John Locke's main ideas?
a. that subjects had the right to remove their ruler
b. that although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights
c. that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed
d. that governments were a result of a social contract between rulers and ruled
e. that individuals retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property

b. that although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights

William Wilberforce
a. was the leader of the British forces that surrendered at Yorktown.
b. pushed a bill through Parliament that ended the slave trade.
c. focused his efforts on gaining complete equality for women.
d. was the chief proponent of conservatism in the eighteenth century.
e. wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

b. pushed a bill through Parliament that ended the slave trade.

Which one of the following was not one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?
a. individual freedom
b. popular sovereignty
c. political equality
d. equality for women
e. social contract

d. equality for women

In August 1789, the National Assembly expressed the guiding principles of the French Revolution by issuing the
a. Declaration of Independence.
b. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
c. French Constitution of 1789.
d. Social Contract.
e. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

e. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

The leader who helped lead Brazil to independence was
a. Bernardo O'Higgins.
b. Emperor Pedro I.
c. Simon Bolivar .
d. Miguel de Hidalgo.
e. Jose de San Martin.

b. Emperor Pedro I.

The most radical period of the French Revolution was reached during the leadership of
a. Napoleon Bonaparte.
b. Louis XVI.
c. Simon Bolivar.
d. Maximilien Robespierre.
e. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

d. Maximilien Robespierre.

Which of the following was not one of the principles built into the government of the newly formed American state?
a. freedom from British control
b. the equality of all inhabitants
c. a written constitution that guaranteed personal freedoms
d. a responsible government based on popular sovereignty
e. the creation of a federal republic

b. the equality of all inhabitants

What nineteenth-century English thinker promoted individual freedom, universal suffrage, taxation of high personal income, and an extension of the rights of freedom and equality to women?
a. Edmund Burke
b. Jean Jacques Rousseau
c. Cecil Rhodes
d. John Locke
e. John Stuart Mill

e. John Stuart Mill

The author of the Second Treatise of Civil Government was
a. Robespierre.
b. Voltaire.
c. Locke.
d. Rousseau.
e. Hobbes.

c. Locke.

Among the leading proponents of conservatism in the eighteenth century was
a. Maximilien Robispierre.
b. Giuseppe Mazzini.
c. Simon Bolivar.
d. Edmund Burke.
e. John Stuart Mill.

d. Edmund Burke.

The goal of Simon Bolivar was to
a. bring the former Spanish colonies of South America into union with the United States.
b. bring about unification through a strict authoritarian form of government.
c. have the colonies of South America remained linked to Spain but attain a measure of self-government.
d. form stable smaller South American states centered around distinct tribal or linguistic groups.
e. weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States.

e. weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States.

The Concordat was
a. the revolutionary organization created by Toussaint.
b. the most radical phase of the French Revolution.
c. the document of revolutionary and democratic idealswritten by Simon Bolivar.
d. the 1801 agreement between Napoleon and the pope.
e. the Russian law that freed the serfs.

d. the 1801 agreement between Napoleon and the pope.

After the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1870,
a. blacks who owned property were allowed to vote.
b. twenty-two blacks were elected to Congress by 1901.
c. blacks enjoyed free and equal suffrage in both theory and practice.
d. blacks who had fought for the Union in the Civil War were allowed to vote.
e. women gained the right to vote.

b. twenty-two blacks were elected to Congress by 1901.

The only successful slave revolt in history took place in
a. Virginia.
b. Cuba.
c. Brazil.
d. Saint-Domingue.
e. Mexico.

d. Saint-Domingue.

Colonial rule in Mexico ended in 1821 when the capital was seized by
a. Jose de San Martin.
b. Simon Bolivar.
c. Augustin de Iturbide.
d. Miguel de Hidalgo.
e. Bernardo O'Higgins.

c. Augustin de Iturbide.

Maximilien Robespierre was known as the
a. "Son of Heaven."
b. "French Jefferson."
c. "Incorruptible."
d. "Lion of Paris."
e. "First Among Equals."

c. "Incorruptible."

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract, argued that in every country the sovereign voice of government
a. should be the bishops and archbishops because of their special relationship to God.
b. was the members of society acting collectively.
c. resided in the army.
d. should be the nobles instead of the king because of their control of the land.
e. was the king because, despite his faults, he was still of divine appointment.

b. was the members of society acting collectively.

The Declaration of Independence's contractual view of political structure in which the government drew its authority from "the consent of the governed" was influenced by
a. William Wilberforce.
b. John Locke.
c. Voltaire.
d. Edmund Burke.
e. John Stuart Mill.

b. John Locke.

The main slogan for the colonies in the years leading up to the American Revolution was
a. "free and independent states."
b. "liberty, equality, fraternity."
c. "no taxation without representation."
d. "equal rights for women."
e. "self-government now."

c. "no taxation without representation."

The leaders of the French Revolution
a. called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.
b. created concepts and documents that would later influence the American Revolution.
c. placed unlimited faith in the potential of the peasants.
d. would always have to have a king.
e. were much more conservative than the leaders of the American Revolution.

a. called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.

On 17 June 1789, members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves to be the
a. House of Commons.
b. Directory.
c. National Assembly.
d. House of Representatives.
e. Convention.

c. National Assembly.

What revolutionary leader, frustrated over his inability to put together a South American confederation, lamented that "those who have served the revolution have plowed the sea"?
a. Miguel de Hidalgo
b. Bernardo O'Higgins
c. Jose de San Martin
d. Simon Bolivar
e. Maximilien Robespierre.

d. Simon Bolivar

While women in France and Latin America did not win the right to vote until after the Second World War, American and British women gained the franchise
a. before the First World War.
b. during the First World War.
c. in the decade following the American Revolution.
d. in the second half of the 19th century.
e. in the 1920s.

e. in the 1920s.

Napoleon's Civil Code
a. gave absolute free speech to French newspapers.
b. reduced patriarchal authority and gave more equality to women.
c. was a modern restatement of Justinian's Corpus Luris Civilis.
d. affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men.
e. had at its core the radical measures of the Convention.

d. affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men.

Which of the following revolutionary leaders is not correctly linked with his country?
a. Jose de San Martin and Argentina
b. Miguel de Hidalgo and Peru
c. Augustin de Iturbide and Mexico
d. Bernardo O'Higgins and Chile
e. Toussaint Louverture and Haiti

b. Miguel de Hidalgo and Peru

The guiding principles of the French Revolution were summed up in the phrase
a. "liberty, equality, fraternity."
b. "no taxation without representation."
c. "all men are created equal."
d. "let them eat cake."
e. "peace, bread, land."

a. "liberty, equality, fraternity."

Revolutionaries of the late 18th and early 19th century
a. were able to destroy all vestiges of the ancient regime.
b. were mainly influenced by Marxist ideology.
c. focused on the necessity for popular sovereignty.
d. accepted the legitimacy of the divine right of kings.
e. always stressed the inherent equality between men and women.

c. focused on the necessity for popular sovereignty.

The German leader Otto von Bismarck believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by
a. "liberty, equality, fraternity."
b. "the resurgence of the ancient regime."
c. "blood and iron."
d. "class struggle."
e. "the realization of freedom."

c. "blood and iron."

What was the name of the giant firm in Germany that dominated mining, metallurgy, armaments production, and shipbuilding?
a. Whitney
b. Marx
c. Krupp
d. Engels
e. Bismarck

c. Krupp

A zaibatsu was
a. a powerful Japanese trade union.
b. the Japanese governmental organization that controlled the actions of powerful monopolies.
c. the Japanese tradition wherein the nobles were exempt from taxation.
d. the Japanese equivalent of a trust.
e. a code of conduct for Japanese samurai.

d. the Japanese equivalent of a trust.

The author of the Manifesto of the Communist Party was
a. Rousseau.
b. Fourier.
c. Lenin.
d. Marx.
e. Owen.

d. Marx.

According to Marx, all of human history had been a history of
a. the search for freedom.
b. the quest for religious self-awareness interfering with the development of the peasantry.
c. class struggle.
d. industrial integration.
e. the search for equality.

c. class struggle.

Count Sergei Witte was
a. the Russian nobleman who seized the throne after an economic collapse.
b. the Russian foreign minister whose disastrous trade policies blocked Russian advancement.
c. the Russian radical who founded the Bolsheviks.
d. the Russian nobleman who stood as the chief obstacle to Russian industrialization.
e. the Russian finance minister who pushed for industrialization.

e. the Russian finance minister who pushed for industrialization.

The first steam-powered locomotive was George Stephenson's
a. Lightning.
b. Meteor.
c. Comet.
d. Blazer.
e. Rocket.

e. Rocket.

Industrialization
a. gave the young a much better life.
b. had almost no influence on women.
c. strengthened the family bond.
d. often tore working class families apart.
e. gave middle-class women greater economic flexibility.

d. often tore working class families apart.

What did Marx refer to as the "opiate of the masses"?
a. religion
b. Utopian socialism
c. social status
d. private property
e. money

a. religion

Which of the following was NOT a problem that plagued Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia?
a. They were too reliant on one crop.
b. Wealth was concentrated in the hands of a small group of people.
c. Foreign investors owned and controlled the plantations.
d. Both native and foreign financial interests adopted an anti-free-trade policy.
e. They depended too heavily on exporting primary products with no industrialization.

d. Both native and foreign financial interests adopted an anti-free-trade policy.

Marx and Engels proposed that capitalism divided people into two classes. The classes were
a. the capitalists and the proletariat.
b. the workers and the peasantry.
c. the capitalists and the middle class.
d. the proletariat and the nobility.
e. the capitalists and the bourgeoisie.

a. the capitalists and the proletariat.

The invention of the flying shuttle
a. gave the British an unquestioned military advantage.
b. made the steam engine possible.
c. powered the first steam-driven locomotive.
d. sped the weaving process and increased the demand for yarn.
e. led to the passage of the Calico Acts.

d. sped the weaving process and increased the demand for yarn.

Beginning in the 19th century, industrializing lands experienced a social change known as the demographic transition when
a. the fertility rate increased dramatically.
b. the rural population increased dramatically.
c. the fertility rate began a marked decline.
d. 60 percent of the people were 55 years old and older.
e. the majority of the population was college educated.

c. the fertility rate began a marked decline.

The dominant form of industrial organization in Europe, the United States, and Japan by the end of the 19th century was
a. the putting-out system.
b. the factory system.
c. the guild system.
d. a socialist-directed economy.
e. cottage industry.

b. the factory system.

Marx and the communists believed that private property
a. would be the foundation of the post-revolutionary world.
b. should be divided up on a more equitable basis.
c. should be abolished.
d. should pass into the ownership of the workers.
e. would be the only aspect of industrial society that would survive the revolution.

c. should be abolished.

Over the long haul, trade unions
a. stood out as the most radical critics of industrial society.
b. were completely unsuccessful in improving the conditions of the working class.
c. dramatically increased the chances for a revolution through their ties to Marxian socialists.
d. fell under Communist control.
e. reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.

e. reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.

The growing demand for cotton cloth in the 18th century threatened British
a. naval strength because of the dramatically rising cost of sails.
b. educational dominance.
c. monopoly over the Chinese silk trade.
d. wool producers.
e. trade with the Americas.

d. wool producers.

Cheaper iron was produced after 1709 when British smelters began to use what substance as a fuel?
a. coke
b. charcoal
c. gasoline
d. kerosene
e. wood

a. coke

Marx suggested that music, art, and literature
a. represented the peasants and were, thus, useless.
b. were the "opiate of the masses."
c. served the purposes of the capitalists because they diverted the workers from their misery.
d. were the only aspects of the modern world that had not been contaminated by the capitalists.
e. should be used by the communists to facilitate the revolution.

c. served the purposes of the capitalists because they diverted the workers from their misery.

On a global scale, industrialization
a. led all nations to industrialize in the same way at the same time.
b. led to economic equality between nations.
c. promoted a new international division of labor.
d. actually reduced international trade because of competing tariffs.
e. reduced the importance of colonies.

c. promoted a new international division of labor.

The Luddites
a. were crafts workers who destroyed textile machines.
b. were the industrial workers that Marx felt would be the eventual victors in the revolution.
c. promoted industrial advancement through their work in Parliament.
d. led the movement away from traditional crafts manufacture and toward the factory system.
e. were the first Utopian Socialist thinkers.

a. were crafts workers who destroyed textile machines.

Interchangeable parts were invented by
a. Henry Ford.
b. Henry Bessemer.
c. George Stephenson.
d. Josiah Wedgwood.
e. Eli Whitney.

e. Eli Whitney.

In Japan, industrialization took place
a. on a western European model except for the lack of powerful trusts or cartels.
b. only after World War II.
c. on a Chinese rather than a western European model.
d. with the active support of imperial authorities.
e. despite the opposition of imperial authorities.

d. with the active support of imperial authorities.

Most of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa
a. remained part of the British empire.
b. industrialized on a model completely different from that of the western Europeans.
c. was industrialized by the mid-nineteenth century.
d. did not industrialize and depended on exporting primary products.
e. was industrialized by the early twentieth century.

d. did not industrialize and depended on exporting primary products.

In America the petroleum monopoly, Standard Oil Company was owned by
a. Henry Bessemer.
b. John D. Rockefeller.
c. Andrew Carnegie.
d. George Stephenson.
e. Robert Owen.

b. John D. Rockefeller.

By 1900, the world's four biggest steel producers were
a. United States, Germany, Britain, and Russia.
b. Britain, Germany, Russia, and Japan.
c. United States, Germany, Britain, and France.
d. United States, France, Russia, and Japan.
e. United States, Germany, France, and Russia.

a. United States, Germany, Britain, and Russia.

The industrial revolution began in
a. Italy.
b. Great Britain.
c. Russia.
d. the United States.
e. France.

b. Great Britain.

Crucial to industrialization was
a. the leadership role taken by the Luddites.
b. the leading role that Russia provided in technology.
c. the replacement of human and animal power with inanimate sources of energy such as steam.
d. the willing support of the major industrial unions.
e. the peasants' planned and willing relocation to the cities.

c. the replacement of human and animal power with inanimate sources of energy such as steam.

Marx believed that the final result of the socialist revolution would be the
a. "realization of freedom."
b. "opiate of the masses."
c. "dictatorship of the proletariat."
d. "complete inversion of the class hierarchy."
e. "usurpation by the proletariat of the bourgeois hegemony."

c. "dictatorship of the proletariat."

In the 1880s Otto von Bismarck
a. crushed the German trade union movement so thoroughly that it didn't return for over fifty years.
b. converted to communism.
c. dramatically reduced the rights and benefits of German workers.
d. introduced medical insurance and unemployment compensation for German workers.
e. agreed to recognize German trade unions if they would publicly renounce their ties to the communists.

d. introduced medical insurance and unemployment compensation for German workers.

The first efficient means of contraception without negative side effects was
a. the condom.
b. the pill.
c. the diaphragm.
d. the intrauterine device.
e. surgical sterilization.

a. the condom.

Throughout most of the 19th century, employers and governments
a. saw the trade unions as the single best alternative to Marxian-type class revolution.
b. tried to convince trade unions to switch their allegiance from communists to socialists.
c. readily established their own trade unions.
d. viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.
e. worked closely with the trade unions to improve the conditions of the working class.

d. viewed trade unions as illegal associations designed to restrain trade.

Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
a. relied on a socialist mode.
b. industrialized and eventually out-produced and out-competed the western Europeans.
c. remained backward economically because they relied entirely on exporting primary goods.
d. exported primary goods but also underwent economic development and industrialization.
e. never industrialized.

d. exported primary goods but also underwent economic development and industrialization.

By 1900, half the world's oil was produced by
a. Nigeria.
b. Persia.
c. the United States.
d. Saudi Arabia.
e. Russia.

e. Russia.

James Watt invented a more efficient steam pump when
a. he restructured the engine's compressor.
b. he figured out how to make a piston turn a wheel for rotary motion.
c. he invented a more efficient method of steel production.
d. he redesigned the flying shuttle.
e. he copied and consolidated several important American inventions.

b. he figured out how to make a piston turn a wheel for rotary motion.

James Watt's steam engine did not adapt well to transportation uses because
a. it consumed too much coal.
b. the heat, combined with the vibrations of movement, caused instability in the structural integrity.
c. it weighed too much to be supported by rubber tires.
d. it used too much gasoline to be cost efficient.
e. the engine grew too hot and often exploded.

a. it consumed too much coal.

Henry Bessemer's innovations made it possible to produce cheaper
a. oil.
b. iron.
c. steel.
d. cotton.
e. wool.

c. steel.

In the new Latin American countries,
a. the franchise was quickly extended to every adult male.
b. there were none of the struggles with indigenous populations that marked U.S. history.
c. the leaders routinely made the mistake of backing Canada in its war with the United States.
d. women had greater political rights than in the United States.
e. creole elites dominated and blocked mass participation in politics.

e. creole elites dominated and blocked mass participation in politics.

The last major Indian resistance was defeated in 1890 at the Battle of
a. Little Big Horn.
b. Wounded Knee.
c. Sioux River.
d. Etowah.
e. Fort Apache.

b. Wounded Knee.

The last major Indian victory against the United States armed forces came in 1876 at the Battle of
a. Topeka.
b. the Plains.
c. Bleeding Kansas.
d. Little Big Horn.
e. Wounded Knee.

d. Little Big Horn.

After the conclusion of the American Civil War, freed blacks
a. quickly lost their political and civil liberties in the South.
b. flocked to take advantage of the Back to Africa program.
c. almost unanimously migrated to the west in pursuit of economic opportunity.
d. achieved economic and political equality with whites.
e. received enough grants of land to become substantial economic competitors to the white population.

a. quickly lost their political and civil liberties in the South.

Emiliano Zapata was
a. the "Machiavelli of the pampas."
b. the president of Mexico in the 1920s.
c. a caudillo who dominated Argentina in the 1840s.
d. a Mexican agrarian rebel who fought for the goals of La Reforma.
e. the first influential Brazilian writer.

d. a Mexican agrarian rebel who fought for the goals of La Reforma.

The Indians who relocated from the eastern woodlands to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears were the
a. Sioux.
b. Apache.
c. Pawnee.
d. Cherokee.
e. Iroquois.

d. Cherokee.

The early stages of industrial development in the United States depended in large part on investment capital from which of the following nations?
a. China
b. France
c. Great Britain
d. Japan
e. Spain

c. Great Britain

In terms of the industrial development of the United States in the late nineteenth century, the most important economic development was
a. the introduction of the factory system.
b. the introduction of the steam engine.
c. the construction of railroad lines that linked all U.S.regions.
d. the rise of trade unions.
e. the vast increase in the merchant marine fleet for overseas commerce.

c. the construction of railroad lines that linked all U.S.regions.

By the 1860s, Britain's leading supplier of beef was
a. the United States.
b. Brazil.
c. Argentina.
d. Canada.
e. Holland.

c. Argentina.

The National Policy, which was designed to attract migrants, protect nascent industries through tariffs, and build national transportation systems was a policy in
a. Mexico.
b. Canada.
c. Argentina.
d. Japan.
e. the United States.

b. Canada.

Louis Riel was the leader of the
a. caudillos.
b. gauchos.
c. golondrinas.
d. zambos.
e. métis.

e. métis.

The main spark for the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1845 was the United States acceptance of the new state of
a. New Mexico.
b. California.
c. Arizona.
d. Missouri.
e. Texas.

e. Texas.

The Ghost Dance movement related to
a. an apocryphal vision of the Chinese Taiping Rebellion.
b. a United States decision to eliminate the Indians so that their only dancing would be done after death.
c. the Japanese nationalist concerns in the Meiji Restoration.
d. Argentine gauchos and their romantic attachment to the land.
e. an American Indian religious vision of an afterlife in which all white peoples disappeared.

e. an American Indian religious vision of an afterlife in which all white peoples disappeared.

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the victory of the northern states in the U.S. Civil War?
a. The majority of the population lived in the north.
b. Two-thirds of the railroad lines were in the north.
c. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
d. Around 90 percent of the country's industrial capacity was in the north.
e. The Union had better generals.

e. The Union had better generals.

The United States agreed to pay Mexico $15 million for Texas, California, and New Mexico as part of the Treaty of
a. Paris.
b. Adams-Onis.
c. Guadalupe Hidalgo.
d. Mexico City.
e. Texan Succession.

c. Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Slavery was reinvigorated in the United States after the rise of what cash crop?
a. cotton
b. indigo
c. rice
d. wheat
e. tobacco

a. cotton

Benito Juárez was
a. the caudillo who restored order in Argentina.
b. a Mexican dictator who promoted industrialization.
c. the first Mexican communist leader.
d. the leader of La Reforma in Mexico in the 1850s.
e. the author of the epic poem The Gaucho Martín Fierro.

d. the leader of La Reforma in Mexico in the 1850s.

One of the chief reasons that the framers of the U.S. Constitution were opposed to abolishing slavery was
a. their belief in the Enlightenment ideal of equality.
b. the necessary role that slavery played in Southern industrial expansion.
c. their belief in the Enlightenment acceptance of inequality as a social necessity.
d. their recognition of the sanctity of private property.
e. the Northern states reliance on slave labor.

d. their recognition of the sanctity of private property.

Which of the following was not one of the chief factors for the outbreak of the American Civil War?
a. the issue of slavery
b. the traditional argument between a British or French alliance
c. the imperatives of a budding industrial-capitalist system against those of an export-oriented plantation economy
d. states' rights as opposed to the federal government's authority
e. the election of Abraham Lincoln

b. the traditional argument between a British or French alliance

Simón Bolívar succinctly summed up the developing political situation in Latin America when he said
a. "The behemoth to the north can only be constrained by a powerful Latin American confederation."
b. "The key to true democracy is expanding the franchise to include every man."
c. "Unity through Gran Colombia is the future for Latin America."
d. "The age of uncontested democracy has begun."
e. "I fear peace more than war."

e. "I fear peace more than war."

The words "a house divided against itself cannot stand" were first spoken by
a. Abraham Lincoln.
b. Thomas Jefferson.
c. Jefferson Davis.
d. Simón Bolívar.
e. Stephen Douglas.

a. Abraham Lincoln.

The War of 1812
a. split the country along religious lines.
b. split the country along ethnic lines.
c. led to a Canadian-U.S. alliance against Great Britain.
d. stimulated a new sense of Canadian unity against an external threat.
e. cost Canada almost a third of their territory.

d. stimulated a new sense of Canadian unity against an external threat.

The U.S. Civil War changed character on 1 January 1863, after
a. the Nat Turner slave rebellion.
b. the Battle of Gettysburg.
c. the Battle of Antietam.
d. the Confederate states signed an alliance with the British.
e. Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

e. Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

The U.S. invasion of Canada in the War of 1812
a. was repelled.
b. ensured that Quebec would remain independent from the rest of Canada.
c. was the key event in ensuring the American victory over the British.
d. allowed for the Americas to claim the Dakotas, Idaho, and Montana.
e. resulted in a humiliating defeat for the Canadians and long-standing hatred of the U.S.

a. was repelled.