translation and transcriptionn

What is the main thing that happens in translation

The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide

What is the asic thing that happens in transcription

Base sequence of a gene is copied into the complementary base sequence of a molecule mRNA

Where does transcription take place?

In the nucleus

What is the role of the dna helicase in transcription

It breaks hydrogen bonds between polypeptide

What happens after the hydrogen bonds are broken

Complementary rna nucleotides move into place and form hydrogen bonds with exposed bases on nucleotides on one of the dna strands

What does the rna polymerase do?

Joins the RNA nucleotide by forming phosphodiester bonds

What are the different strands

The base sequence of mRNA is the same as the SENSE STRAND But instead of thymine it is replaced with uracil

The mRNA complementary to the other and the one which has formed hydrogen bonds with is called the TEMPLATE STRAND

What happens when the mRNA has been synthesised

The RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA

DNA GOES back to normal double helix stricture

MRNA leaves nucleus via the nuclear Pores

What is tRNA

Transfer RNA

ON ONE Side it has a place for a specific amino acid to bind to

On the other side it has specific anti codons.

Each tRNA has specific a.a that it binds to and specific anticodons

Wwhat does the mRNA fist do

mRNA leaves nucleus via nuclear pore

It attaches to ribosome throug RRNA on ribosome

What does he TRNA do

It is in the cytoplasm

It attaches to their specific a.a

The tRNA bring the a.a attached to them to the mRNA in the ribosome

What happens when the tRNA arrives at the ribosome

The anti codons of the tRNA are complemtary to the codons of the mRNA and so they bind together

How many tRNA can come at a time

2

What happens when 2 trna have arrived at the ribosome and attached to the mRNA codons

A peptide bonds forms between 2 a.a (catalysed by rRNA )

The first tRNA then leaves because the a.a is attached to the 2nd tRNA

What happens after the a.a is bonded bbby peptide bond

Continues process until stop codon is reached on mRNA

The a.a chain is complete and forms final polypeptide

What are the differences in components with both process

Translation

mRNA + tRNA + rRNA

Transcription

DNA + RNA polymerase

What is the difference in template

Trans caption

DNA is the template

Translation

Template is MRNA

What is the difference in end product

Transcription

DNA turns into RNA

Transcription

RNA into protein

What is the difference in location?

Transcription

Nucleus

Translation

Ribosome / cytoplasm

What is the difference in polymerase

Transcription uses rna polymerase

Translation

The enzyme used is ribosome

What are the similarities

Both involve the conversion of one type of genetic material into another

Both use dna helicase

Both form hydrogen bonds

What s a key difference in what moves over what

In transcription the polymerase moves over the template strand of dna

In translation the ribosome tRNA complex moves the mRNA strand