3A Eukaryotic Cells (1)

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, include bacteria.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes on its surface, involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Type of endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles with a double membrane, site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.

Golgi Apparatus

Stack of curved sacs involved in the modification and packaging of proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes

Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes, responsible for digestion of worn-out organelles and food.

Centrioles

Cylindrical organelles found in animal cells, involved in cell division.

Nucleus

Organelles enclosed by a double membrane, contains chromatin and is responsible for controlling cellular activities.

Ribosomes

Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis, can be 70S or 80S in size.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer found in plant and prokaryotic cells, providing support and shape.

Plasmid

Small circular DNA molecule found in prokaryotic cells, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance.

Phagocytosis

The process by which cells engulf bacteria or other particles.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within a cell where organelles are suspended.

Chromatin

Substance within the nucleus consisting of DNA and proteins, condensed into chromosomes during cell division.

Nucleolus

Dense structure within the nucleus, responsible for ribosomal subunit production.

Electromicroscopy

Technique used to view small structures in detail, providing greater resolution than light microscopy.

Staining

The process of applying dyes to specimens to enhance visibility under a microscope.

Extracellular Enzymes

Enzymes that are secreted out of the cell to catalyze biochemical reactions.