Criminal Justice 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5

Chapter 1: What is American society built upon?

The demands between personal freedom and safety

What is Individual Rights Perspective?

personal freedoms and civil rights within the criminal justice process

Justice system requires balancing the concern for individual rights with the need for public order

What is Social Justice?

it is the ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life

- linked notions of fairness and to culture beliefs about right and wrong

What does to consensus model do?

it assumes the criminal justice system components work together to achieve justice

What does the conflict model do?

it assumes goals of criminal justice system components conflict

What is the purpose of the first apperance in court?

an opportunity for bail

Offenders who served a portion of there prison sent may be released on parole

What is criminology?

it's the study of the causes and prevention of crime, and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders

Chapter 2: The uniform crime reports takes what ino account?

crime statistics and data on crime

What contributed to the dramatic increase in crime during the 1960-1980's?

the baby boom

Why don't rape victims report their assault?

due to embarsement about the crime itself

What is aggravated assult?

the unlawful intention, attempted, or threating of inflicting serious injury to a person

Chapter 3: What is crime?

The violation of the criminal law without acceptable legal justification

What is deviance?

the violation of social norms defining appropriate behavior under a particular set of circumstances

What is theory?

set of interrelated ideas that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events

What ia rational choice theory?

the crime results from conscious choices

What is the routine activities theory?

lifestyle affect amount and type of crime

What is atavism?

A condition characterized by the existence of features thought to be common in earlier stages of human evolution

- also implies they were born criminals

What is behavioral conditiong?

the frequency of a behavior can be increased or decreased through reward, punishment, and association with other stimuli

What is labeling theory?

is the continued crime due to limited opportunities resulting from negative responses of society to offenders

What does the conflict perspective suggest?

the fundament nature of group conflict centers on the exercise of political power

Chapter 4: What is law?

law is a rule of conduct usually enacted in the form of a statute that mandates certin form of behavior

What is penal code?

written form of criminal law

What is common law?

law origination from usage and custom rather than from written statues

The concept of rule of law expresses the belief that an orderly society must be governed by stablished principles to maintain order

What is criminal law based on?

the assumption that asks not just individuals but society as a whole

Typically, the main objective of a civil lawsuit is to seek compensation

What are felonies?

it is a criminal offense punishable by death or jail time for at least one year

What are misdemeanors?

an offense punishable by up to one year of jail time

What is Actus Reus?

this refers to the criminal act element of the crime

- guilty act

What is Mens Rea?

the Defendents mental state at the time of the crime

- guilty mind

M'Naughten rule

Indvidual's cannot be held criminally responable for their actions if at the time of the crime if they didn't know what they were doing or didn't know their actions were wrong

What is entrapment?

when law enforcement officials encourage persons to commit crimes that they otherwise would not commit

What does double jeopardy do?

it prevents a second trail for the same offense

Chapter 5: The bow street runners were an English law enforcement unit formed by...

Henry Fielding

What are the two key principles of the "new police"

1. possible to discourage crime

2. practice of prevention patrol

What is vigilantism?

Taking the law into one's own hands

Early policewomen generally were hired to provide police services to women and children

The Kansas City study of response time found that rapid response had little effect on citizens satisfaction with police or arrest on suspects

What does evidence-based policing do?

they use research into everyday police procedures to evaluate current practices and to guide officers in descion making

The FBI is the federal agency that is responsible for managing the data base of DNA profiles of offenders

Private protective services are the largest segment of law enforcement today