Unit 1- Health Science: Reproductive System Disorders

Candidiasis

• What is it? A fungal overgrowth of Candida Albicans.

• Symptoms Itching, Burning when peeing, and thick white discharge.

• Diagnosis Pelvic Exam and Testing discharge under a microscope or culture.

• Treatment Antifungal Creams, suppositories, Oral Pills.

Ectopic Pregnancy

• What is it? A fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube.

• Symptoms Pelvic or abdominal pain with light vaginal bleeding.

• Diagnosis hCG blood test and ultrasound.

• Treatment Medication or emergency surgery to end the non-viable pregnancy.

Endometrioisis

• What is it? Uterine lining tissue grows outside the uterus.

• Symptoms Severe period pain, painful sex, pain with bowel movement, and trouble getting pregnant.

• Diagnosis Ultrasound and pelvic exam; laparoscopy (camera surgery) gives the final diagnosis.

• Treatment Pain relievers (NSAIDS), hormonal birth control, or surgery to remove implants.

Genital Herpes

• What is it? A sexually transmitted viral infection caused by HSV-2. The virus stays dormant for life. (Incurable)

• Symptoms Painful clusters of small blisters or sores in the genital area; flu-like symptoms during first outbreak.

• Diagnosis Visual exam, viral swab/PCR of a blister, or blood tests.

• Treatment: Daily antiviral pills (acyclovir, valacyclovir) to shorten outbreaks and lower spread.

Inguinal Hernia

• What is it? Intestine pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall into the groin.

• Symptoms A visible groin bulge that aches or feels heavy, worsening with heavy lifting or coughing.

• Diagnosis Physical exam (cough/valsalva test) and ultrasound or CT scan.

• Treatment Watchful waiting if mild; surgery with mesh repair if painful.

Testicular Torsion

• What is it? Twisting of the spermatic cord that completely cuts off blood supply to the testicle.

• Symptoms Sudden, extreme testicle pain, rapid swelling, nausea, and vomiting.

• Diagnosis Doppler ultrasound to check blood flow and physical exam.

• Treatment Surgical Emergency, immediately surgery to untwist the cord and stitch the testes in place (orchiopexy).

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

• What is it? Age-related, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that squeezes the urethra.

• Symptoms Trouble starting urination, weak urine stream, dribbling, and waking up often at night to pee.

• Diagnosis Digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA blood test, and urinalysis.

• Treatment Alpha blocker medication or surgery (TURP/Laser Therapy) to clear the blockage.