Biology Infection and Response

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what is a Pathogen

a pathogen is a micro-organism that causes disease such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite) that infects a host organism and causes disease by invading tissues, replicating, producing toxins, or disrupting normal biological functions.

how does a bacteria make us ill

Bacteria cause illness by invading tissues, reproducing rapidly then producing toxins that harm cells, or disrupting normal biological functions in the host.

how does a virus cause disease

A virus causes disease by infiltrating host cells and using their machinery to replicate, damaging the cell and often leading to cell death, usually by bursting open when the virus leaves the cell or by disrupting normal cellular processes.

how can disease spread name one way

A disease can spread via direct contact, such as touching infected individuals or surfaces, inhaling respiratory droplets, or through contaminated food and water.

how can the spreading of disease be prevented for bacteria and viruses

providing people with clean water. washing hands before eatingusing sterile/clean medical equipment like needles to reduce blood infection and direct contact.if its a highly communicable disease patiernts may be isolated

what is a communicable disease

a disease caused by pathogens such as viruses bacteria protists or fungi that can be spread from person to person

what are non communicable diseases

non communicable diseases are a disease that cannot be transmitted from one person to another

what is health

health is the state of mental and physical wellbeing

what can ill health be cause by other that communicable and non communicable diseases

depression poor diet harsh working condition high levels of stress and other life situations such as working with harmful chemicals

what is tuberculosis (TB)

tb is a lung disease that can be fatal to some

why might some people be more prone to diseases

they could already have a disease which would have damaged their immune system so their immune system cannot produce the right chemicals quick enough leaving the disease spreading more and more

under ideal conditions how fast can a bacterium cell reproduce

20 minutes

what is wellbeing

the state of being healthy

happy and comfortable

what can bacterial infections be treated with?

Antibiotics not anti viral

can viral infections be treated with antibiotics?

no

what is used to treat viral infections

antiviral

What is measles?

A highly infectious viral infection

What are the symptoms of measles?

frist is a fever or a very high temperature and then usually afetr 3 days is a red skin rash

How do people contract measles

Measles is contracted through water droplets in the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and when a different person inhaled these droplets they become infected and contract measles

How can measles be fatal

it can be fatal due to complications in the patent these cause their immune system and their brain to become damaged causing it to be fatal

How to we now prevent measles from spreading

Children are vaccinated against measles at a very young age

What is HIV

hiv is a highly infectious viral infection/disease

What is HIV caused by

Exchange of fluid e.g. if drug users use and infected needle

What are the symptoms of hiv

First is flu like symptoms that go away usually after one oer 2 weeks

what happens at the point when the symptoms go away after 2 weeks

The immune system is getting damaged more and more and at some point the patient will struggle to fight off simple infection that other people can easily fight off

What is the main problem with having HIV

You are prone to other infections/diseases and are more likely to get cancer

whatis it called when youre immune system is severly damaged from hiv

late stage hicv or aids

How can HIV be treated

The use of antiretroviral drugs by taking them every day for the rest of their lives

What does this drug do?

This drug stop the virus from multiplying this prevents the virus from further damaging the immune system

How do we now prevent people from contracting HIV?

Use a new needle every time you inject a drug