1.3 differential educational achievement: social class

What is one way to compare educational achievement among students?

Comparing those who are eligible for free school meals.

What was the attainment level for free school meal pupils according to the lecture notes?

34.8.

How likely are pupils with a higher household income to achieve 5 GCSEs?

Almost twice as likely compared to those with lower income.

What does material deprivation refer to?

The ability to afford basic resources like food, heating, clothing, and educational resources.

How can a poor diet affect educational achievement?

It may lead to poor health, which results in poor attendance and negatively impacts achievement.

What term describes working class pupils expecting immediate rather than deferred gratification?

Sugarman's concept of immediate gratification.

What is the relationship between habitus and educational achievement according to Bourdieu?

Habitus leads to middle class advantage as it is deemed superior by other middle class individuals.

What do educational policies like pupil premium aim to address?

Out of school factors contributing to educational disadvantage.

Who suggested that teachers subconsciously label their students leading to self fulfilling prophecies?

Interactionist Becker.

What was Paul Willis's study 'learning to labour' about?

It examined a subculture of 'the lads' who valued messing about and avoided work, leading to poor academic performance.

What did Bernstein say about the elaborate and restricted code?

Elaborate code is used by teachers and external examiners, while working class pupils primarily use restricted code, putting them at a disadvantage.

What impact do in school factors have according to Diane Reay?

What happens outside of school impacts inside school and vice versa.