EMR Quiz Bleeding, Shock, and Soft-Tissue Injuries Study Guide

Injury that breaks the skin or mucous membrane

Open wound

Soft-tissue damage occurs beneath the skin but there is no break in the skin surface

Closed wound

Excessive bleeding

Hemorrhage

Two lower chambers of the heart

Ventricles

 

Point where an injurious object passes out of the body

Exit wound

A piece of skin either torn off completely or left hanging as a flap

Avulsion

Burns in which the outer layers of skin are burned

Partial-thickness burns

Results in inadequate delivery of blood to the organs of the body

Shock

Burns that extend through the skin and into or beyond the underlying tissues

Full-thickness burns

Irregular cut or tear through the skin

Laceration

Wound resulting from a bullet, knife, or any other pointed object

Puncture

Loss of skin due to a body part being scraped across a rough or hard surface

Abrasion

Triangular swathe of cloth

Cravat

Burns caused by heat

Thermal burns

Injury caused by a blunt object striking the body and crushing the tissue beneath the skin

Bruise

What is the most common cause of death in trauma patients?

Shock

Components of the Circulatory system include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. the pipes - arteries, veins, and capillaries.

B. the fluid - blood cells and other blood components.

C. the pressure wave - the pulse.

D. the pump - the heart.

C. the pressure wave - the pulse.

The lower chambers of the heart:

A. are smaller than the upper chambers.

B. do most of the actual pumping.

C. are called atria.

D. are typically not helpful with circulating blood.

B. do most of the actual pumping.

The upper chambers of the heart are called:

are called atria.

The red blood cells do what?

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The white blood cells do what?

consume bacteria and viruses.

Which of the following statements regarding the pulse is incorrect?

A. Taking a patient's pulse is the same as counting heartbeats.

B. The pulse is the pressure wave generated by the pumping action of the heart.

C. It does not reflect the heart rate.

D. It is caused by the blood being pushed into the main arteries.

C. It does not reflect the heart rate.

Shock, or failure of the circulatory system, is NOT caused by:

A. pressure loss.

B. pipe failure.

C. fluid loss.

D. pump failure.

A. pressure loss.

If the heart is incapable of pumping enough blood to supply the needs of the body:

A. the body will stop producing blood.

B. cardiogenic shock may occur.

C. the patient will always have a heart attack.

D. the heart will stop beating.

B. cardiogenic shock may occur.

Shock, as a result of capillary expansion, includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. shock related to respiratory failure.

B. shock induced by fainting.

C. anaphylactic shock.

D. spinal shock.

A. shock related to respiratory failure.

Psychogenic shock is known as

fainting

Anaphylactic shock:

may be accompanied by itching, rash, hives, or swelling of the face or tongue.

Shock caused by a temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain is called:

psychogenic shock.

Shock caused by an allergic reaction to food, medicine, or insect stings is called:

anaphylactic shock.

Signs and symptoms of shock may include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. nausea and vomiting.

B. confusion, restlessness, or anxiety.

C. thirst.

D. decreased capillary refill time.

D. decreased capillary refill time.

Which of the following is false regarding shock?

A. You should not allow a shock patient to stand.

B. Raise the patient's legs 12" to 18" off the floor.

C. If the patient is having chest pain and no spinal injury is suspected, place the patient in a sitting or semireclining position.

D. Assess the patient's ABCs at least every 5 minutes.

B. Raise the patient's legs 12" to 18" off the floor.

General treatment for shock includes:

maintaining the patient's ABCs.

Positioning a patient who shows signs of shock may include:

placing a blanket under the patient.

The EMR can treat a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of shock by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

A. treating the cause of shock.

B. starting an IV line.

C. maintaining the patient's ABCs.

D. maintaining the body temperature of the patient.

B. starting an IV line.

Upon arrival of ALS units, a patient who is in shock may be treated with:

IV fluids.

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom associated with a patient experiencing shock caused by pump failure?

A. Rapid, weak pulse

B. Cold, clammy, sweaty, and pale skin

C. Rapid, shallow respirations

D. Abdominal pain

D. Abdominal pain

Which of the following is NOT part of the treatment of a gunshot wound?

A. Begin CPR if the patient's heart stops within 5 minutes of the injury.

B. Examine the patient thoroughly to be sure you have discovered all entrance and exit wounds.

c. Arrange for prompt transport of the patient.

D. Maintain the patient's body temperature.

A. Begin CPR if the patient's heart stops within 5 minutes of the injury.

If an object is impaled in the patient:

leave the object in place, apply a stabilizing dressing, and arrange for transport.

An amputated body part should:

be located and placed in a clean plastic bag.

Signs and symptoms of internal blood loss include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. rectal and/or vaginal bleeding.

B. coughing or vomiting of blood.

C. abdominal tenderness, rigidity, or distention.

D. bleeding from a wound.

D. bleeding from a wound.

Treatment of shock caused by external blood loss includes what? 

Applying direct pressure to the wound

Which of the following is not used to control external bleeding?

A. Application of direct pressure

B. Applying heat to the affected area

C. Application of pressure at the pressure point

D. Elevation of the body part

B. Applying heat to the affected area

In applying femoral pressure, you should:

A. kneel on the same side as the injury.

B. position the patient on his or her side.

C. be facing the patient's head.

D. perform an abdominal exam.

C. be facing the patient's head.

Which of the following is false regarding a closed wound?

A. It is a bruise or contusion.

B. It is an injury of the soft tissue beneath the skin.

C. It causes discoloration and swelling.

D. It includes abrasions and lacerations.

D. It includes abrasions and lacerations.

An abrasion

may be called road rash or a rug burn.

Avulsion:

is the tearing away of body tissue.

An occlusive dressing:

can be plastic wrap or aluminum foil.

A burn that damages all layers of the skin:

can be deep enough to destroy underlying muscles.

A respiratory burn:

may cause breathing problems.

 You are called to the scene where a l0-year-old boy has been beaten severely and is unresponsive. You should first feel for a pulse at which artery?

Carotid

After a patient has fainted and has been placed in the correct position, you should maintain the patient's ABCs and then:

treat the cause of shock, if possible.

Which of the following signs can develop quickly in a person who is in anaphylactic shock?

A. Rash

B. Pale skin

C. Strong pulse

D. High blood pressure

A. Rash

After placing the patient in the correct position, what is the first thing you should do for a patient who is in shock?

Maintain the patient's ABCs.

A small boy has severe bleeding from a cut on the back of his head. No brain tissue or bone chips are visible. He is sitting on the ground, sobbing and clinging to his mother. His mother tells you he was hit by a swing and begs you to do something before he "bleeds to death." The first step in providing care is to:

apply direct pressure to the wound and then reassure the boy and his mother that you are trying to help.

You are called to a softball field where a young man has a scalp laceration after he is hit in the head with a ball. You check the man's airway and breathing and treat the wound. No brain tissue or bone chips are showing. You should next check for changes in:

level of consciousness.

Although a burn patient may have severe pain, the real danger of burns that damage or destroy the skin is the loss of:

the skin's ability to prevent infection-causing bacteria from entering the body and essential fluids from seeping out.

Thermal burns, if still warm, should be immediately cooled with:

cold water.

A man whose car battery exploded in his face is screaming and holding his hands over his eyes when you arrive. You grab a nearby garden hose to flush his eyes, but he will not remove his hands from his face. After you flush the man's eyes, you should:

cover his eyes with gauze bandages and arrange for prompt transport to an appropriate medical facility

Pressure points should be used for extremity wounds in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

A. if you are not permitted to use a tourniquet.

B. after bleeding has stopped from application of direct pressure.

C. if direct pressure does not control bleeding.

D. if elevation does not control bleeding.

B. after bleeding has stopped from application of direct pressure.

Using the rule of 9’s for an adult, what are all of the different part numbers: 

Head: 

Back: 

Front: 

1 Arm: 

1 Leg: 

Groin: 

Head: 9

Back: 18 

Front: 18 

1 Arm: 9 

1 Leg: 18 

Groin: 1 

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns: (May not require medical treatment) 

1st

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns: ( All layers of skin damaged) 

3rd 

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:( Moderate to severe pain)

2nd

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Loss of large quantities of body fluids)

3nd

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Reddened skin)

1st

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Pain sometimes absent)

3rd

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Minor to moderate pain)

1st

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Presence of blisters)

2nd

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Deepest layers of skin not damaged)

2nd

Identify sign or characteristic as associated with first-, second-, or third-degree burns:(Greatest risk of shock and infection)

3rd

The use of a  _________is indicated only in situations where extremity bleeding cannot be controlled by direct pressure or elevation.

Tourniquet

A _________is an object placed directly on a wound to control bleeding and prevent further contamination.

Dressing

 Some gunshot wounds are easy to miss unless you perform a thorough ________ _____.

Patient exam or Detailed exam

If blisters are present with a burn, be very careful not to _____ the blisters.

Break

what are all of the parts of D C A P B T L S

Deformities

Contusions (Bruises)

Abrasions

Punctures / Penetrations

Burns

Tenderness

Lacerations (cuts)

Swelling

what are the 3 parts of the circulatory system

pump (heart), pipes (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and the fluid (blood cells and other blood components)

what are the three primary causes of shock

pump failure, pipe failure, and fluid loss

what is the pipe failure or shock that is caused by overwhelming infection

Septic shock

what are the three types of external blood loss

capillary, venous, and arterial