AP World History: Modern - Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (Developments in East Asia) - Knowledge

Basic information you need to know for APWH 1.1.

What is the most enduring testimony to Chinese influence?

the spread of Buddhism/Confucianism (Neo-Confucianism)

Change to territory in Song Dynasty

Northern lands of Manchuria lost to invading pastoralists who established Jin Empire

What did the service exam do early in the Song Dynasty, and how did it change?

It strengthened it and expanded later.

What was China’s social system?

meritocracy/patriarchy

What did imperial officials do?

carried out government policies

How was the civil service system still flawed?

the poor were underrepresented

How did the Song Dynasty fall?

-too large bureaucracy

-too many jobs that paid too much

How did gunpowder spread?

Eurasia via Silk Roads

Where and how did Champa rice become more accessible?

It could grow in lowlands, riverbanks, and hills due to selective breeding.

What did Champa rice allow farmers to do?

to have a winter and summer crop

How did farmers increase agricultural productivity?

-use of animal/human manure

-elaborate irrigation systems

-plows pulled by water buffalo/oxen

What made cast iron into steel?

removal of carbon

What was steel used for?

-architectural functionality

-religious (Buddhism, pagodas)

-agricultural equipment

How did artisans play a role in the Song government?

They were craftworkers who produced goods such as steel in widely dispersed smelting facilities, supervised by the government.

Where did proto-industrialization locate work?

home

What was proton-industrialization?

a set of economic changes in which rural dwellers made more goods than they could sell

What did artisans export and how did they move their goods?

they exported porcelain and silk through expanding trade networks such as those of the sea

Why was porcelain prized?

-lightweight

-strong

-light-colored (could be painted over)

How did the Chinese improve sea navigation?

-compass

-ships that could carry more cargo

-printing of paper navigation maps

How did improvements in technology affect sailors?

-less reliability on sky

-farther voyages

How did consumerism change in China?

it changed from local consumption to market production

What are 3 key exports from China?

1. porcelain

2. tea

3. silk

What helped China’s INTERNAL trade?

grand canal

What did the military power of the Tang and Song do for the economy?

It protected stock and traders from bandits.

How did the Song conduct public service projects, and did it help simulate the economy?

they paid people to work on them and it did

What did tributes do for China?

They cemented political and economic power.

What did tributes do for those paying them?

It simulated the East Asian economy.

Where did most people live in China in its early history?

countryside

In what Chinese dynasty did urbanization grow under?

Song

What are some of Song China’s largest cities?

-Chang’an (ancient)

-Hangzhou (southern end of Grand Canal)

-Guangzhou (port city)

Did social structures change in both rural and urban areas of China?

yes

What classes were below the scholar gentry?

-farmers

-artisans

-merchants

Why were merchants valued so little by Chinese society?

Confucianism emphasized a respect for creating value and working hard, which were qualities possessed by farmers and artisans

Who were peasants apart of the lowest social sphere of Song China?

-those who had to pay off debts

-those who worked for wealthy landowners

-urban poor

How did the Song Dynasty help the poor?

-public, free hospitals

How did Confucian philosophy view women?

-subordinates to men

Under what Chinese dynasties did patriarchal ideals strengthen?

-Tang

-Song

When was foot binding banned in China?

-1912

How did the rich impact literature in Song China?

They consumed and made it.

How did the Middle Kingdom try to limit the spread of Buddhism?

-monastery closures

-land seizures

How did the Song Dynasty react to Buddhism?

They were much more friendly to it but didn’t go out of its way to promote it. It instead promoted traditional Confucianism.

How did Buddhism affect the lives of Confucians?

They began adopting its principles and read some scripture.

How were foreign countries challenged by the strength of China?

They had to try to keep their traditions without assimilating?

Who had the most autonomy from China and why?

Japan did because it was separated by a sea.

What did the diamyo fight for?

control of land

What did the majority of the Japanese work as?

rice farmers

What made Japanese mobility different from that of Europe?

they enjoyed more power

What did the Koreans adopt?

Confucian and Buddhist ideals

What was an awkward linguistic principle in Korea during the time of the Song?

Korea adopted the Chinese writing system until the 15th century.

What was a difference in Korean and Chinese society? How did this affect the relationship between the two countries?

Korean aristocrats enjoyed more power than those in China. The Korean elite could make decisions about their affairs with China.

Who was the Korean civil service examination not open to?

peasants

What did Vietnam adopt from China?

-writing system

-architectural styles

What was the difference between the Japanese and Song government?

Japan was ran by a direct central government that controlled the economy and kept peace while China used an imperial bureaucracy.

What would Japan suffer through for four centuries after the establishment of the shogunate?

regional rivalries

How did Japan fix the problem of rivalries and when?

17th century: unification of country by successful shoguns

How was Vietnam’s relation with China and how did they treat China?

It was very adversarial and they often launched rebellion.

What was the difference in the lives of Vietnamese and Song/Confucian women?

Vietnamese women were granted more freedom in marriage.

What was the difference between the Vietnamese and Chinese family structure?

The Chinese lived in extended families while the Vietnamese lived in nuclear families.

How was Vietnamese government during 1200-1450?

Villages operated independently of government.

Who did Vietnamese scholars devote themselves to?

village peasants

What progressive ideal did Vietnamese scholars have?

the idea to revolt against government if it was corrupt

What 2 sexist practices were women against in Vietnam?

-foot binding

-polygyny

What was the result of Vietnam’s conflicts with China?

Some sinification occurred

How did Vietnam take advantage of the Tang Dynasty’s crumble in the 8th century?

They pushed out the Chinese occupying army.

What militaristic ability did post-classical Vietnam have and how did it get it?

They had a strong guerrilla war capacity due to a deep knowledge of their own land.