Human Geo Sem. 2 Review

Agriculture

the deliberate tilling of crops and raising livestock

GMO agriculture vs. organic agriculture

GMO involves genetically modified organism

Organic is not using any chemicals

Subsistence farming

farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced

primary economic activity

extracting raw materials directly from the earth, like farming and mining.

secondary economic activity

involves processing raw materials into products, such as nanufacturing and construction.

Tertiary economic activity

provide services to people and businesses

1st Agricultural Revolution

A transition from hunting and gathering societies to sedentary agricultural societies through the domestication of plants and animals.

2nd Agricultural Revolution

advancements in technology and crop rotation, making it easier to produce food.

Green Revolution

high-yield crop varieties and modern

farming techniques.

Urbanization

Process by which the population of cities grow

residential area

an area where people live

Commercial Areas

Parts of a community designated for business and trade purposes

Industrial areas

areas reserved for manufacturing of goods

Gentrification

Process of buying up and rebuilding deteriorated homes in neighboorhoods

Redlining

discriminatory practices where banks refuse to loan money to people

Culture

the body of material traits, customary beliefs and social forms that together constitute a distinct tradition of a group of people

cultural relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group and fully integrating into a different culture

cultural syncretism

Unique aspects of cultures blend together to create one thing

Ethnocentrism

when a culture thinks they are far better than another

Hearth

Where something originated

Customs

Common practices followed by people of a particular group or region (handshake)

social forms

groups that maintain our values and protect artifacts

Habit

repetitive act that a particular individual performs

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

popular culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through physically moving of people

stiumulus diffusion

When an idea is adopted but modified by a culture

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spreads ideas from a larger to smaller communities of form authority figures

reverse hierarchical diffusion

Idea moves from smaller to larger

Abraham

a significant figure in all three religions who in the Torah god made a covenant that he

would become the father of a great nation.

Jesus

central figure in Christianity, known for his teachings and role as the Messiah.

Muhammed

the prophet of Islam, revered by Muslims and recognized for his teachings, he

received the Qur'an

Torah

five books believed to have been written by the Prophet Moses

Tanakh

the collection of Hebrew scriptures, include the Torah

Bible

the new and old testaments, contains many different versions and translations

Qur'an

the word of god as told to the Prophet Muhammad

Monotheism

Belief in one god; central to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

10 commandments

foundational principles in Judaism and Christianity, guiding moral

behavior

Paul

spread christianity throughout the mediterranean

5 Pillars of Islam

belief, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage

Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims- believed it should be done once in their lifetime