VTNE Practice Test A

A vial of penicillin contains 2,000,000 units of the dry drug. To make the penicillin into a solution that contains 400,000 units per ml, how much diluent is needed?

- 2 ml

- 4 ml

- 5 ml

- 10 ml

5 ml

When an anesthetized patient is to be placed on a circular or semiclosed anesthesia circuit, the correct reservoir bag size is determined by using which of the following?

- 60 ml/lb/min

- 60 ml/lb

- 60 ml/kg

- 60 ml/kg/min

60 ml/kg

It is necessary to immunize ferrets against:

- feline panleukopenia

- feline rhinotracheitis

- canine hepatitis

- canine distemper

Canine distemper

endotrachel intubation of the horse is usually performed:

- blindly

- with the aid of a laryngoscopes

- by palpation of the larynx

- with direct visualization of the larynx

Blindly

In an anesthetized patient, hypocarbia (hypocapnia) could be attributed to:

- exhausted soda lime

- low respiratory rate

- excess artificial ventilation

- kinked endotracheal tube

Excess artificial ventilation

Which solution is contraindicated as a surgical prep if electrocautery is being used during the procedure.

- povidone iodine

- hexachlorophene

- isopropyl alcohol

- chlorhexidine

Isopropyl alcohol

Ivermectin is classified as which type of agent?

- fungicide

- anthelmintic

- antibiotic

- disinfectant

Anthelmintic

When discharging a patient that is wearing a fentanyl patch, instructions to the owners should include:

- skin irritation from the patch is considered a normal reaction

- proper use and disposal of the patch

- duration of pain control is 24 hours

- gloves are not necessary when handling the patch

Proper use and disposal of the patch

Acepromazine is classified as a(n):

- neuroleptanalgesic

- anticholinergic

- dissociative

- tranquilizer

Tranquilizer

The correct names of the four valves of the heart are:

- pulmonic, systolic, atrial, and tricuspid

- mitral, pulmonic, aortic, and tricuspid

- aortic, diastolic, septal, and mitral

- mitral, pulmonic, atrial, and tricuspid

Mitral, pulmonic, aortic, and tricuspid

If anaphylaxis occurs after the administration of any vaccine or drug, which drug will best reverse the effect of shock?

- antihistamines

- epinephrine

- doxapram

- dexamethasone

Epinephrine

In treating hypovolemic shock in the canine, the most important form of therapy is to:

- administer IV fluids

- inject corticosteroids

- keep the patient warm

- give analgesics

Administer IV fluids

Which of the following is the smallest suture?

- #1

- 0

- 3-0

- 5-0

5-0

When a patient shows clinical signs of dyspnea and cyanosis, the technician should check for:

- ataxia

- hypothermia

- respiratory obstruction

- urethral obstruction

Respiratory obstruction

For a 20-kg dog that is 5% dehydrated, how much fluid replacement is required?

- 250 ml

- 500 ml

- 1000 ml

- 2000 ml

1000 ml

A vial containing 1 gram of medication has to be reconstituted to a 2.5% solution (w/v). What volume of diluent is needed and what concentration will result?

- 25 mL, resulting in a concentration of 4 mg/L

- 40 mL, resulting in a concentration of 2.5 mg/L

- 40 mL, resulting in a concentration of 4 mg/mL

- 40 mL, resulting in a concentration of 25 mg/mL

40 ml, resulting in a concentration of 25 mg/ml

In the anesthetized, healthy patient, which of the following abnormalities is most commonly encountered?

- Respiratory alkalosis

- Metabolic acidosis

- Metabolic alkalosis

- Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory acidosis

The standard culture medium used for bacterial sensitivity testing is:

- MacConkey

- Hektoen enteric

- Sabouraud dextrose

- Mueller-Hinton

Mueller-Hinton

The inhalant anesthetic isoflurane:

- is a liquid at room temperature when stored in a sealed container

- is odorless

- is flammable

- does not vaporize at room temperature when stored in an open container

Is a liquid at room temperature when stored in a sealed container

For horses under anesthesia in lateral recumbency, padding and positioning of the front legs and head is important to prevent:

- decubital sores

- granuloma

- laminitis

- neuromuscular damage

Neuromuscular damage

adequate tissue perfusion is presumed when an animal exhibits normal:

- heart rate

- body temperature

- capillary refill

- pupillary size

Capillary refill

Which hormone is responsible for the rupture of an ovarian follicle and the release of a mature egg from an ovary?

- Luteinizing hormone

- Estrogen

- Follicle stimulating hormone

- Progesterone

Luteinizing hormone

The most profound adverse effect of the opioid drugs is:

- respiratory depression

- decreased heart rate

- bowel hypermotility

- decreased blood pressure

Respiratory depression

How long is the gestation period in the mare?

- 112-115 days

- 148-156 days

- 280-290 days

- 326-354 days

326-354 days

Inanimate objects contaminated with pathogens are referred to as:

- carriers

- hosts

- fomites

- vectors

Fomites

Which of the following parasites requires an intermediate host in order to complete the life cycle.?

- ascarid

- hookworm

- coccidia

- heartworm

Heartworm

basophillic stippling of RBCs is a characteristic finding in:

- lead poisoning in dogs

- anemia in horses

- acetaminophen toxicity in cats

- healthy avian blood

Lead poisoning in dogs

An effective drug for treating anaphylaxis is:

- calcium gluconate

- piperazine

- procaine

- epinephrine

Epinephrine

If a horse is given 825 mL of a 10% solution of guaifenesin, the amount in grams of guaifenesin given is:

- 0.825 g

- 8.25 g

- 82.5 g

- 825 g

82.5 g

Which of the following does not increase radiographic density?

- increased kVp

- increased distance from target

- increased developing time

- increased developing temperature

Increased distance from target

Anemia due to the lack of iron and chronic blood loss are classified as:

- microcytic, hypochromic

- macrocytic, polychromatic

- macrocytic, hypochromic

- microcytic, polychromatic

Microcytic, hypochromic

Bordetella vaccine is given to dogs to prevent:

- Lyme disease

- parainfluenza

- distemper

- tracheobronchitis

Tracheobronchitis

Which type of suture material is more likely to "wick" fluid along it and therefore, should not be used in a contaminated environment?

- Catgut

- Monofilament

- Stainless steel

- Braided polyglactin 910

Braided polyglactin 910

A palpebral reflex is checked at the:

- pupil

- foot

- eyelid

- throat

Eyelid

Which of the following is the most likely complication of endotracheal tube cuff overinflation during lengthy anesthesia?

- Air leakage from the cuff

- Cuff rotation within the trachea

- Tissue necrosis

- Cuff wear and tear

Tissue necrosis

What is the advantage of using a narcotic as a premedication?

- increased analgesia

- increased blood pressure

- decreased salivation

- decreased respirations

Increased analgesia

In cattle, an increase in fibrinogen relative to the other plasma proteins is most likely to be due to:

- estrus

- inflammation

- ketosis

- pregnancy

Inflammation

When skeletal muscles are not being used, or when they lose their nerve supply, they tend to:

- hypertrophy

- atrophy

- necrose

- dystrophy

Atrophy

In radiographic terminology, to which of the following does the term density refer?

- The difference in anatomical detail observable between two areas on the radiograph

- The concentration of X rays produced

- The thickness of the radiograph

- The degree of blackness of the radiograph

The degree of blackness of the radiograph

Butorphanol tartrate has been prescribed for a Pomeranian with a collapsed trachea. The client should be cautioned that a common side effect of this drug is:

- hyperventilation

- tachycardia

- polydipsia

- sedation

Sedation

The primary function of the segmented neutrophil is:

- to remove histamine from the tissues

- the phagocytosis of small particles

- the antigen/antibody response

- to transport oxygen to the tissues

The phagocytosis of small particles

The contrast media that are most used in veterinary radiography are iodine, barium sulfate, and:

- water

- urine

- air

- feces

Air

Cells that line the thoracic, pericardial, and abdominal cavities are known as:

- mast cells

- macrophages

- Schwann cells

- mesothelial cells

Mesothelial cells

Constant Rate Infusion (CRI) of an analgesic:

- rarely requires a loading dose

- is administered in large amounts over a short period of time

- avoids peaks and valleys normally seen with a bolus injection

- provides excellent analgesia in dogs but not in cats

Avoids peaks and valleys normally seen with a bolus injection

Which of the following instruments is used for removing subgingival plaque?

- curette

- elevator

- scaler

- calculus forceps

Curette

A correct statement about vaccines is that they contain:

- antibodies

- t-lymphocytes

- b-lymphocytes

- antigens

Antigens

Which of the following is the common name of the first upper premolar tooth in the horse?

- incisor

- canine

- wolf

- carnassial

Wolf

A rising antibody titer in paired serum samples taken 2 weeks apart indicates a:

- latent infection

- lack of infection

- past infection

- recent infection

Recent infection

Which surface of the tooth meets the opposite tooth during mastication?

- lingual

- buccal

- occlusal

- labial

Occlusal

How many grams of sodium chloride should be dissolved in 1.5 L of water to make a 12% solution?

- 1.8 g

- 18 g

- 180 g

- 1800 g

1.8 g

Which of the following forceps do veterinary surgeons most often use to aid in suturing?

- Kelly

- Adson

- Halsted

- Babcock

Adson

Which of the following is an analgesic drug commonly administered via a transdermal patch?

- Oxymorphone

- Meloxicam

- Xylazine

- Fentanyl

Fentanyl

The term that is used to describe the removal of the dorsal, bony roof of the spinal canal is:

- myectomy

- laminectomy

- neurectomy

- caudectomy

Laminectomy

Onychectomy is correctly defined as the surgical removal of:

- ovaries

- tonsils

- testicles

- claws

Claws

A decrease in RBC size observed during a CBC should be noted as:

- hypochromasia

- macrocytosis

- normocytosis

- microcytosis

Microcytosis

pocalcemia is commonly seen in:

- lactating animals

- the second trimester of pregnancy

- unweaned animals

- animals exhibiting lactose intolerance

Lactating animals

The lingual surface of the tooth is closest to the:

- cheek

- tongue

- palate

- lips

Tongue

For a midline ovariohysterectomy, the patient is positioned in which type of recumbency?

- Left lateral

- Ventral

- Dorsal

- Right lateral

Dorsal

All of the following drug groups produce analgesia except:

- barbiturates

- alpha-2 agonists

- phenothiazines

- opioids

Phenothiazines

When the veterinarian orders radiographs to investigate a suspected fracture of the left olecranon in a canine patient, the technician should radiograph the left:

- carpus

- elbow

- stifle

- tarsus

Elbow

During surgery, an atraumatic method of hemostasis is:

- clamping with hemostatic forceps

- wiping with gauze sponges

- blotting with gauze sponges

- ligation with suture material

Blotting with gauze sponges

After parturition, a cow may become partially or totally paralyzed with which of the following types of paralysis?

- Perineal

- Obturator

- Median

- Femoral

Obturator

After Gram staining, any bacterium that looks reddish-pink under the microscope is:

- alpha-hemolytic

- Gram-negative

- acid-fast

- Gram-positive

Gram-negative

The primary reason that vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetics is to:

- increase the duration of action

- increase the area affected by the anesthetic

- minimize toxicity

- decrease the duration of action

Increase the duration of action

Which type of immunoassay typically results in the visible clumping of particles?

- Fluorescent antibody testing

- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

- Agglutination test

- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Agglutination

Overinflation of an endotracheal tube cuff in the trachea of an anesthetized animal may result in:

- immediate dyspnea

- emesis

- laryngospasm

- pressure necrosis

Pressure necrosis

In an anesthetized animal, pale-gray mucous membranes are indicative of:

- hypercapnia

- hyperventilation

- poor tissue perfusion

- arrhythmia

Poor tissue perfusion

A radiograph that has been overexposed is:

- very detailed

- too dark

- not developable

- too light

Too dark

Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that:

- degrades carbohydrates

- activates insulin

- degrades fat

- activates proteins

Degrades fat

The neutrophilic segmented cell belongs to the:

- plasmacytic series

- monocytic series

- granulocytic series

- erythrocytic series

Granulocytic series

Which of the following diseases is caused by Protozoa?

- pasteurellosis

- trichomoniasis

- salmonellosis

- leptospirosis

Trichomoniasis

Metoclopramide belongs to which class of drugs?

- antiemetic

- anti-infective agent

- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent

- muscle relaxant

Antiemetic

Which of the following is a common side effect of glucocorticoid usage?

- Polyuria

- Inappetence

- Vomiting

- Pruritus

Polyuria

Cattle are commonly vaccinated against which of the following zoonotic diseases, which can be spread by the urine of deer and rats?

- Leptospirosis

- Borreliosis

- Campylobacteriosis

- Brucellosis

Leptospirosis