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What is the atomic number?
number of protons
What is the mass number of an atom?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
What is alpha decay? [4]
The loss of one He nucleus,
Lose 2 electrons
Lose 2 neutrons
New element formed
What is gamma decay?
Very dangerous high energy wave
What is beta decay?
the breakdown of a neutron into a proton and an electron
What is a quantum?
the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
What is an orbital?
A three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the most probable location of an electron
Do S orbitals get bigger or smaller in each quantum level
bigggerrr!
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
s-2
p-6
d-10
f-14
What is degeneracy?
Refers to orbitals in the same subshells (like all the 3 orbitals in P)
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? simplified
each electron in an orbital must have an opposite spin
What is the Aufbau principle?
An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it first
What is Hund's rule?
Electrons will fill an unoccupied orbital before they pair up.
Systems always want to be the most stable. Ture or false?
True!
Which groups lose electrons?
1, 2, and 3
which groups gain electrons?
15, 16, 17
Electrons can be found on their own in the wild. True/false?
False. Electrons can only be found in and on atoms.
Ions can be found on their own. True/false?
False. Electrons can only be found with other ions.
Carbonate ion
CO3 2-
Sulphate ion
SO4 2-
Phosphate ion
PO4 3-
NIRATE [2]
NO2 - / NO3 -
What is a sigma bond?
an overlap of s-orbitals between bonding atoms
What is a pi bond?
Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the plane of the bonding atoms.
