Exam 1 Marine science

1 inch

2.54 cm

1cm

10mm

shape of earth

oblate spheroid

1 m²

10,000 cm²

1 ft

0.3048 m

ocean covers what

70% earth

The time scale based on the history and formation of the Earth is referred to as

geologic

The largest reservoir, by volume, of water on the Earth is:

oceans and sea ice

The mean depth of the ocean is approximately:

3800 meters

how many major ocean basins

5

The distance between the center of the Earth and the equator is___ than the distance between the center of the Earth and the north pole.

greater

Plates move horizontally past each other along:

transform faults

The reservoir size for water in the atmosphere is ______ than the reservoir size of water in the oceans.

greater (2)

Hot spots and their volcanic island chains can be used to trace the movement of oceanic lithosphere

true

Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust

False

Oceanic crust

cools and becomes more dense

latitude

parallel from equator

longitude

right angle to the latitude

0 degrees

equator

90 degrees N

North pole

90 degrees S

South pole

23.5 degrees N&S

tropic of Cancer and Capricorn

66.5 degrees N&S

Artic and Antarctic circle

Residence time formula

volume/flow rate

water budget

Takes 38,000 years to evaporate the volume of the oceans, pass it through the atmosphere to the land and back to the oceans

5 major ocean basins in order of size

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Artic, South

P waves

compressional, first to arrive, solid, liquid, gas (104-140 degree)

S waves

shear, second to arrive, solid (104-180 degree)

avg density of the whole planet

5.51 g/cm³

Lithosphere

Crust and upper material fused together

Asthenosphere

deformable region in the mantle

mesosphere

solid lower layer of the mantle

isostacy

buoyant support of lithosphere by asthenosphere

Physiographic mapping revealed what?

underwater mountain ranges

trenches

narrow and steep sided, 6k-11k deep

divergent boundaries

mantle upwelling, layers of oceanic crust

convergent boundaries

subduction, thickness and age of oceanic crust, associated with volcanic activity

transform boundaries

offset segments of ocean ridges, changes in speed and direction, can joint up different combos of divergent and convergent boundaries.

topographic relief

variation of elevation across a landscape