Construction Equipment and Machinery Planning Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering construction equipment types, their functions, components, maintenance, and planning strategies as discussed in Lecture 6.

Project Requirements Analysis

The process of identifying equipment needs for tasks like excavation and grading, and planning the sequence and duration of tasks through scheduling.

Equipment Selection

The evaluation of performance, capacity, and suitability of different equipment options, alongside a cost analysis of purchasing, renting, or leasing.

Resource Allocation

Ensuring equipment availability to avoid conflicts and downtime, while establishing backup plans for breakdowns or delays.

Preventive Maintenance

Scheduled maintenance activities performed to keep machinery in good working condition and prevent unexpected breakdowns.

Corrective Maintenance

Repair activities performed on equipment after a breakdown has occurred.

Excavator

Heavy equipment consisting of a boom, dipper (stick), bucket, and cab on a rotating platform (the house), used primarily for digging.

Hydraulic Excavators

The most common type of excavator which uses hydraulic fluid to operate and is versatile for digging, material handling, and demolition.

Crawler Excavators

Excavators equipped with tracks, providing superior stability and traction on rough or uneven terrain.

Mini Excavators

Compact excavators designed for tasks in confined spaces or urban areas.

Long Reach Excavators

Excavators with an extended boom and arm designed for deep digging or reaching distant areas.

Hydraulic Hammers

An excavator or backhoe attachment used for breaking concrete and rock.

Augers

Attachments used with excavators or backhoes for drilling holes in the ground.

Bulldozers

Powerful tracked or wheeled machines equipped with a large front blade used for pushing, digging, and leveling materials like soil and debris.

Straight Blades (S-Blades)

Bulldozer blades used for fine grading and leveling tasks.

Universal Blades (U-Blades)

Bulldozer blades designed for pushing large quantities of materials over long distances.

Rippers

Attachments at the rear of a bulldozer or grader used to break up hard ground or rock.

Loaders

Equipment featuring a large front bucket used for scooping and loading materials such as soil, sand, or gravel into trucks.

Skid Steer Loaders

Compact, highly maneuverable loaders with a unique steering mechanism, ideal for small spaces.

Backhoe Loaders

Combination machines featuring a front loader bucket and a backhoe at the rear, making them versatile for both digging and loading.

Cranes

Lifting equipment used to move heavy materials and objects vertically and horizontally.

Tower Cranes

Tall, fixed cranes commonly used in the construction of high-rise buildings due to their high lifting capacity and height.

All Terrain Cranes

Versatile cranes that combine the mobility of mobile cranes with the stability of rough terrain cranes, suitable for both paved roads and rough terrain.

Overhead Cranes (Bridge Cranes)

Cranes used in industrial environments that move along a fixed track to lift materials within a factory or warehouse.

Floating Cranes

Cranes mounted on barges used for construction and lifting tasks on water bodies, such as building bridges and ports.

Jibs

Additional arms that extend the reach of a crane.

Backhoes

Versatile machines equipped with a digging bucket on an articulated arm (the backhoe) and a loader bucket on the front.

Dump Trucks

Vehicles with an open box bed hinged at the rear, used for transporting and unloading loose materials like sand, gravel, and dirt.

Articulated Dump Trucks

Trucks with a hinge between the cab and the dump box, allowing for better maneuverability on rough terrain.

Side Dump Trucks

Trucks featuring a hydraulic mechanism that tilts the dump bed sideways to unload materials in limited space.

Bottom Dump Trucks

Trucks with a clam shell type dump gate in the bottom of the bed, allowing controlled material dumping for paving and road construction.

Graders (Motor Graders)

Machines equipped with a long blade used for creating flat surfaces, leveling, and shaping surfaces for roads or runways.

Scarifying

The process performed by graders to break up and loosen compacted soil or pavement surfaces.

Moldboard

The primary blade on a grader, adjustable to various angles for precise elevation and contour control.

Compactors

Equipment used for increasing the density of soil, gravel, or asphalt to create a stable foundation.

Jumping Jack Compactors (Rammers)

Portable compactors used for cohesive and granular soils in narrow trenches and around pipes.

Smooth Drum Rollers

Large roller compactors used for compacting asphalt and other smooth surfaces.

Padfoot Rollers

Rollers equipped with protruding pads, specifically designed for compacting cohesive soils.

Sheepsfoot Rollers

Rollers featuring sheepfoot-shaped protrusions for deep compaction of clay and other cohesive soils.